To understand this, you need to look at its history. What Is Extradition? The bill was halted, and later fully withdrawn, but demonstrations continued for months, with demands for full democracy and an independent inquiry into police actions. Hong Kong, ruled under China’s principle of “One country, two systems,” means the city is a officially part of China, but is allowed rights and freedoms unseen in other Chinese cities. Hong Kong still enjoys freedoms not seen in mainland China - but they are widely thought to be on the decline. China's actions in Hong Kong have been condemned by the United States and its allies to the anger of the Chinese government, which has said Hong Kong issues are an internal matter with which foreigners have no right to interfere. 1937 - With the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, Hong Kong becomes a refuge for thousands of mainland Chinese fleeing before the advancing Japanese. It was a British colony for more than 150 years - part of it, Hong Kong island, was ceded to the UK after a war in 1842. Hong Kong was occupied by the British army and then subsequently ceded to England as a colony as a result of the Opium Wars in the mid-19th century. Read about our approach to external linking. Hong Kongers have been protesting fiercely since last June over a proposed extradition law that would allow anybody in Hong Kong to be extradited to mainland China… Definition and Examples, What Is Democracy? In June 2019, protesters took to the streets again, demonstrating against plans to allow extraditions to mainland China. Hong Kong has seen several months of pro-democracy protests - and China appears to be tightening its grip. The difference is particularly pronounced amongst the young. Hong Kong vs. China: What's All the Fighting About? But the so-called Umbrella movement eventually fizzled out with no concessions from Beijing. This isn’t the first time that Russia has echoed China’s stance on protests in Hong Kong— that goes back to 2014, when Hong Kong saw the street occupation known as the Umbrella Movement. 1941 - … Custer, Charles. Politically, many Hongkongers have grown increasingly resentful of what they see as increasing mainland meddling in their political system. Definition and Examples, Who Are the Hakka? Later, China also leased the rest of Hong Kong - the New Territories - to the British for 99 years. Then, in the early 1980s, as the deadline for the 99-year-lease approached, Britain and China began talks on the future of Hong Kong - with the communist government in China arguing that all of Hong Kong should be returned to Chinese rule. Were triads involved in Hong Kong attacks? Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? "Hong Kong vs. China: What's All the Fighting About?" During the First Opium War, China cedes the island of Hong Kong to the British with the signing of the Chuenpi Convention, an agreement seeking an end to the first Anglo-Chinese conflict. The United States sent shock waves on Wednesday evening by certifying that Hong Kong was no longer highly autonomous from China – a crucial move … Given the significant differences in political culture and systems of government, it is likely that tension between Hongkongers and some mainland Chinese will remain for some time to come. 'The first spaceman landed in my field' Video, 'I feel just as Indian as I feel black' Video, Saving green turtles... by cooling their eggs. The national security law China imposed on Hong Kong in June 2020 has wrought profound changes on the region of more than 7 million people. However, the Chinese government has adopted a harder stance in recent years, particularly with any movements it views as a direct challenge to its own authority. While most people in Hong Kong are ethnic Chinese, and although Hong Kong is part of China, a majority of people there don't identify as Chinese. However, the Chinese were not buying British products, and would only exchange their goods for silver. Because it had been a British colony during the formative years of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong was quite different from mainland China. Hong Kong is a part of China, but it has a unique history that affects the way people from Hong Kong (also known as Hongkongers) interact with and perceive the mainland today. And although there were some minor changes and periods of upheaval, the city remained a British colony, in essence, up until 1997, when control was formally handed over to the People’s Republic of China. This footage was filmed and produced 10 April 2021. First, Beijing has a history of violent clampdowns on civil dissent. The two sides signed a treaty in 1984 that would see Hong Kong return to China in 1997, under the principle of "one country, two systems". Many of the things Hongkongers complain about—spitting in public and eating on the subway, for example—are considered socially acceptable on the mainland. There's a lot of important context - some of it stretching back decades - that helps explain what is going on. The territory was also popular with migrants and dissidents fleeing instability, poverty or persecution in mainland China. In past years, mothers also went to Hong Kong to buy massive quantities of milk powder for their infants, as the supply on the mainland was distrusted by many following the tainted milk powder scandal. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. There are also accusations that press and academic freedoms have been deteriorating. Protests have continued since 1997, but now the biggest ones tend to be of a political nature - and bring demonstrators into conflict with mainland China's position. As a result, many see taking to the streets as their only way of forcing change. To understand how Hong Kong relates to China, it helps to look back at the First China War, better known as the Opium War. of a deep-seeded identity crisis. "Hong Kong vs. China: What's All the Fighting About?" VideoSaving green turtles... by cooling their eggs, Moscow's palatial Yeliseyevsky food hall closes. In May, Hong Kong's police watchdog said it found no significant wrongdoing on the police's part during the 2019 protests - in a report that was criticised by many rights groups and external experts. As China Strengthens Grip on Hong Kong, Taiwan Sees a Threat The sweeping new security law in Hong Kong has further eroded what little support … Tensions between the two states over trade, technology and geopolitical intent have been exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic, fuelling protectionist and nationalist sentiment. ... One point was made abundantly clear. It says the legislation is "highly necessary" and would "safeguard national security in Hong Kong". https://www.thoughtco.com/china-vs-hong-kong-687344 (accessed April 12, 2021). The protests escalated into riots, a full curfew was declared and hundreds of troops took to the streets. … Prince Philip: What are the plans for his funeral? Portugal returned Macau in 1999, and Taiwan remains independent . What happens to your body in extreme heat? The “Greater Bay-Area,” which includes other major cities in Guangdong Province, brings in $ 1.5 trillion in capital. ThoughtCo. Some elected members have even been disbarred after Beijing issued a controversial legal ruling that effectively disqualified them. It's important to remember that Hong Kong is significantly different from other Chinese cities. This meant that while becoming part of one country with China, Hong Kong would enjoy "a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs" for 50 years. Many Hongkongers were suspicious or even fearful of the PRC’s intentions for the city, and indeed some fled to Western countries prior to the takeover in 1997. Officer who shot black man 'meant to deploy Taser'1, Royal brothers pay tribute to 'Grandpa' Philip2, Will Smith film leaves Georgia over voting laws3, Manhunt after 'execution' shooting in Paris4, France moves to ban short-haul domestic flights5, The Friends reunion has been filmed in Los Angeles6, BBC 'gets 100,000 complaints' over Prince Philip7, 'World's biggest rabbit' stolen from garden8, Fire engulfs historic factory in St Petersburg9, The Sopranos star Joseph Siravo dies aged 6410. The dispute is specifically between Hong Kong and the mainland, i.e. The local examinations body also came under fire for a world history question about relations between Japan and China, with the government demanding the exam question be invalidated. China’s aggression against Hong Kong and Taiwan threatens UK conflict [REVEAL] World War 3: US threatens sanctions on China over new security laws [INSIGHT] Hong Kong takeover: China … (Qing Dynasty leaders ceded Hong Kong Island to the British Crown in 1842 after China’s defeat in the First Opium War.) In March, China effectively expelled several US journalists - but also prohibited them from working in Hong Kong. Now, China is proposing to introduce a new national security law, which critics believe could be used to crack down on rights and political activists. In 1966, demonstrations broke out after the Star Ferry Company decided to increase its fares. The government said it was a professional, rather than political, decision, but many academics expressed concern. This difference in ideologies and cultures between Hong Kong and mainland China has been fueling conflicts since the Hong Kong’s handover from Britain to China in 1997. As it happened: Chaotic scenes as HK protests turn violent, Hong Kong leader defiant after massive protest, Huge Hong Kong protest against extradition bill, Hong Kong-China extradition plans explained, Officer who shot black man 'meant to deploy Taser'. 'The first spaceman landed in my field' Video'The first spaceman landed in my field', 'I feel just as Indian as I feel black' Video'I feel just as Indian as I feel black', The surprisingly easy trick to instantly boost your mood, Saving green turtles... by cooling their eggs. The Heritage Foundation of Washington … By the 19 th century, British merchants were reaping profits by trading in Chinese goods like tea, porcelain, and silk. Culturally, Hongkongers and mainland tourists frequently come into conflict when the mainlanders’ behavior doesn’t live up to Hongkongers' strict British-influenced standards. Hong Kong riot police battle with protesters at Hong Kong Polytechnic University in the most violent confrontations seen in nearly six months of unrest (Photo: Anthony Wallace/AFP/Getty Images) My concern is in two forms. Beijing feels compelled to respond strongly to bring Hong Kong to heel, while Hong … The UK believes Beijing’s move violates Hong Kong’s autonomy and is in direct conflict with the territory’s Basic Law, its mini-constitution. Most seats not directly elected are occupied by pro-Beijing lawmakers. The People's Republic of China, for its part, assured Hong Kong that it would be allowed to retain its self-governing democratic system for at least 50 years. Daunte Wright was fatally shot after an officer mistook her gun for a Taser, the police chief says. US goods and services trade with Hong Kong totalled US$66.9bn in 2018, exports to Hong Kong were valued at US$50.1bn, while imports from the region stood much lower at … There's a rich history of dissent in Hong Kong, stretching back further even than the past few years. most people identify themselves as "Hong Kongers", they do not feel proud about being Chinese citizens. As a result, Hong Kong has its own legal system and borders, and rights including freedom of assembly, free speech and freedom of the press are protected. For example, it is one of the few places in Chinese territory where people can commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown, where the military opened fire on unarmed protesters in Beijing. Some young activists have even called for Hong Kong's independence from China, something that alarms the Beijing government. The street protests have mostly died down during the coronavirus pandemic, although some small demonstrations, including singing protesters in shopping malls, have started again as restrictions are gradually eased. This can be explained in part on how the nationality of most Hong Kong people was … Video, Saving green turtles... by cooling their eggs, Will Smith film leaves Georgia over voting laws, Manhunt after 'execution' shooting in Paris, France moves to ban short-haul domestic flights, The Friends reunion has been filmed in Los Angeles, BBC 'gets 100,000 complaints' over Prince Philip, 'World's biggest rabbit' stolen from garden, Fire engulfs historic factory in St Petersburg, The Sopranos star Joseph Siravo dies aged 64, Hong Kong's year in seven intense emotions, Some elected members have even been disbarred, Hope and defiance on the streets of Hong Kong. President Ma Ying-jeou expressed concern for the developments in Hong Kong and its future, [347] and said the realisation of universal suffrage will be a win-win scenario for both Hong Kong and mainland China. Hong Kong vs. China Controversies The sharp contrast in system and culture between Hong Kong and the mainland has caused a fair amount of tension in the years since the handover in 1997. Definition and Considerations, Conflict Theory Case Study: The Occupy Central Protests in Hong Kong, The History of Putonghua and Its Use Today, What Is Colonialism? Hongkongers have been especially annoyed by mainland mothers, some of whom come to Hong Kong to give birth so that their children can have access to the relative freedom and the superior schools and economic conditions in the city as compared to the rest of China. © 2021 BBC. The British fought the war to preserve the right of the East India Company to sell opium into mainland China. Hong Kong was handed back to China with no framework for what would happen after the year 2047, leaving the city to carve an identity out of two ideologically opposed empires. The proposed move, therefore, makes no sense. Oppose – Hong Kong is part of China (the cultural and historical region/entity), and no one disputes that. Hong Kong's leader, the chief executive, is currently elected by a 1,200-member election committee - a mostly pro-Beijing body chosen by just 6% of eligible voters. After Hong Kong, China’s new priority is Taiwan and Beijing aims to wear it down in an intense war of attrition Tom Fowdy is a British writer and analyst of politics and international relations with a primary focus on East Asia. Custer, Charles. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/china-vs-hong-kong-687344. They then spread to reflect wider demands for democratic reform, and an inquiry into alleged police brutality. At a United Nations meeting in September, President Donald Trump backed Hong Kong and said he expects China will “protect Hong Kong’s freedom, legal system, and democratic ways of … The conflict of laws study between Mainland China (“the Mainland”) and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”) is a sophisti - cated topic as it is often intertwined with political, economic, and cultural factors in the two regions. In 2014, demonstrators took to the streets peacefully for several weeks, demanding Hong Kongers be given the right to elect their own leader. Rights groups have accused China of meddling in Hong Kong, citing examples such as legal rulings that have disqualified pro-democracy legislators, and the disappearance of five Hong Kong booksellers, and a tycoon - who all eventually re-emerged in custody in China. ... Just before Hong Kong returned to Chinese control in 1997, a team of behavioral scientists conducted a fascinating experiment. There has also been a rise in anti-mainland Chinese sentiment in Hong Kong in recent years, with people complaining about rude tourists disregarding local norms or driving up the cost of living. This is not all happening in a vacuum. Mainlanders, for their part, have been known to lash back at what some of them see as “ungrateful” Hong Kong. This time, clashes between police and activists became increasingly violent. Trust in mainland food supplies is low, and Chinese tourists are not likely to change their behavior significantly in the immediate future, nor is the People's Republic of China government likely to lose interest in influencing Hong Kong politics. Hong Kong still has a free press, but pro-mainland voices have also taken control of some of the city’s major media outlets, and in some cases have caused controversy by censoring or downplaying negative stories about China’s central government. Charlie Custer is a writer, editor, and video producer focusing on China. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/china-vs-hong-kong-687344. Hong Kongers have described legal, social and cultural differences - and the fact Hong Kong was a separate colony for 150 years - as reasons why they don't identify with their compatriots in mainland China. And, in the past, some protests have been successful. 'I miss my brother' George Floyd, court hears, Royal brothers pay tribute to 'Grandpa' Philip, The 'Iron Man' body armour many of us may soon be wearing, Transatlantic struggle for painting stolen by Nazis, Ravaging Himalayan forest fires worry scientists. Now, China is proposing to introduce a new national security law in Hong Kong, which could be similar to the one withdrawn in 2003. People's Republic of China nationalist commentator Kong Qingdong, for example, caused a major controversy in 2012 when he called Hong Kong people “dogs,” a reference to their alleged nature as submissive colonial subjects, which led to protests in Hong Kong. China’s Hong Kong Dilemma. In 2003, up to 500,000 people took to the streets to protest against a controversial security bill the Hong Kong government was trying to pass. While Hong Kongers have a degree of autonomy, they have little liberty in the polls, meaning protests are one of the few ways they can make their opinions heard. He directed a documentary film about human trafficking in China. [348] To understand the longstanding feud that keeps Hongkongers and mainland Chinese from getting along, you need to first understand the basics of Hong Kong’s modern history. Commentary: The intractable tug of war between China and Hong Kong. In Taiwan, the situation in Hong Kong is closely monitored since China aims to reunify the island with a "one country, two systems" model similar to one that is used in Hong Kong. Ever since the Qing dynasty that ruled Hong Kong until 1842 till the complete abolition of autonomy, Hong Kong and China have been in constant conflict. The local government also backed down over "patriotic education" classes following rallies against the move. RELATED: ‘Prepare for war’: China hits back. The West has long seen Hong Kong, where English is widely spoken and Western ideals embraced, as “a catalyst of democratic values” in China, as President Bill Clinton put it in 1993. Hong Kong is crucial to China because of the inflow of capital and money they can bring. The protests began in June 2019 over plans - later put on ice, and finally withdrawn in September - that would have allowed extradition from Hong Kong to mainland China. The public broadcaster RTHK has come under pressure from Hong Kong's government, first for broadcasting an interview with the World Health Organization about Taiwan, and then for targeting police in its satirical news show "Headliner". between the area formerly under British rule until 1997 and the area that has been under PRC rule since 1949. Hong Kong's Hakka Minority Group, Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Revolutionary Leader, B.A., East Asian Studies, Brown University. Surveys from the University of Hong Kong show that most people identify themselves as "Hong Kongers" - only 11% would call themselves "Chinese" - and 71% of people say they do not feel proud about being Chinese citizens. Custer, Charles. The sharp contrast in system and culture between Hong Kong and the mainland has caused a fair amount of tension in the years since the handover in 1997. Mainlanders are sometimes derogatorily called “locusts,” a reference to the idea that they come to Hong Kong, consume its resources, and leave a mess behind when they leave. Not all the 70 members of the territory's lawmaking body, the Legislative Council, are directly chosen by Hong Kong's voters. When the sovereignty of Hong Kong returned to China after 150 years of British By removing Hong Kong’s special status, the US is risking retaliatory measures by China and tariffs on its exports to Hong Kong. (2020, August 28). It became a busy trading port, and its economy took off in the 1950s as it became a manufacturing hub. In April this year, Hong Kong police arrested 15 of the city's most high-profile pro-democracy activists for taking part in unauthorised assemblies. Relations between China and the U.S. have deteriorated to such an extent that the situation has been described as a new Cold War. It is currently considered a “Special Administrative Region” and not subject to the same laws or restrictions as the rest of the People’s Republic of China. The Chinese government said in 2014 it would allow voters to choose their leaders from a list approved by a pro-Beijing committee, but critics called this a "sham democracy" and it was voted down in Hong Kong's legislature. Hong Kong's months of protest began with a now-shelved bill to allow extraditions to mainland China, which revived fears that Beijing was compromising the city's freedoms. Another sticking point has been democratic reform. In 28 years' time in 2047, the Basic Law expires - and what happens to Hong Kong's autonomy after that is unclear. "The younger the respondents, the less likely they feel proud of becoming a national citizen of China, and also the more negative they are toward the Central Government's policies on Hong Kong," the university's public opinion programme says. Spread to reflect wider demands for democratic reform, and an inquiry into police! The inflow of capital and money they can bring the “ Greater,. Activists have even been disbarred after Beijing issued a controversial legal ruling that effectively disqualified.! Their political system - the new Territories - to the British for 99 years accusations that press academic. 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