As part of the 1905 Revolution, the sailors of the battleship "Potemkin" mutinied. The revolution—which included terrorism on the part of Latvian revolutionaries and bloody “punitive expeditions” by Russian soldiers—failed to immediately overturn Russian imperial rule and German influence in Latvia. No other major rebellions take place, but the Tsar and the right react: the police regime returns and the army sweeps across Russia crushing dissent. But in Moscow a new general strike was called; barricades were erected, and there was fighting in the streets before the revolution was put down. On "Bloody Sunday", more than 500 protestors were killed. (39) At the end of November the government arrested the soviet’s chairman, the Menshevik G.S. There were the same marches and vast strikes, but in 1905 the revolution was crushed in a manner that affected how things unraveled in 1917 (including a great deal of fear things would repeat and a new revolution would fail). The revolutionaries refused to yield; even the liberals declined to participate in Witte’s government. • October 21: The General Strike is ended by the St. Petersburg Soviet. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Russian-Revolution-of-1905, Spartacus Educational - 1905 Russian Revolution, Weisbord Archives - The Russian Revolution of 1905, History Learning Site - The 1905 Russian Revolution. For several years before 1905 and especially after the humiliating Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), diverse social groups demonstrated their discontent with the Russian social and political system. But the armed forces joined in on the side of the revolt as well: army units situated along the Trans-Siberian Railroad line rioted, and in June the crew of the battleship Potemkin mutinied in the harbour at Odessa. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The revolt spread to non-Russian parts of the empire, particularly to Poland, Finland, the Baltic provinces, and Georgia, where it was reinforced by nationalist movements. Omissions? • October 12: Strike action has developed into a General Strike. Here I will show you the most important events and the causes of the Russian Revolution of 1905, in a short history documentary. • November 6-12: The Peasants Union holds a conference in Moscow, demanding a constituent assembly, land redistribution and political union between peasants and urban workers. Wilde, Robert. • November 16: Telephone/graph workers strike. The government decree on August 6 (August 19) announcing election procedures for the advisory assembly stimulated even more protest, which increased through September. Find the perfect Russian Revolution Of 1905 stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The firing-squad refused to carry out the order and joined with the rest of the crew in throwing the officers overboard. Russian Revolution: The Revolution of 1905 The Russian Revolution of 1905 began in St. Petersburg on Jan. 22 (Jan. 9, O.S.) But the 1905 Russian Revolution was defeated and czarist rule prevailed for 12 more years. 174 relations. The 1905 revolution From the late 19th century through to the outbreak of World War One in 1914, a series of threats to the Tsar's authority developed. • June 18: Odessa is halted by a large strike. • October 20: Bauman's funeral is the focus of major demonstrations and violence. • August: Moscow holds the first Conference of the Peasants union; Nizhnii holds the First Congress of the Muslim Union, one of many groups pushing for regional - often national - autonomy. For several years before 1905 and especially after the humiliating Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), diverse social groups demonstrated their discontent with the Russian social and political system . Select from premium Russian Revolution Of 1905 of the highest quality. The 1905 Revolution al… One of the Potemkins lead radicals was Afanasy Matyushenko… Similar soviets were organized in Moscow, Odessa, and other cities. The ruling class maintained significant politi… • January 3-8: 120,000 workers strike in St. Petersburg; government warns against any organized marches. • December 11: Russia's urban population and workers are enfranchised by electoral changes. The indirect causes of the 1905 Revolution laid in the social, political, agrarian, and industrial developments that marked the preceding century. Since the 1860s emancipated serfs had become “free” peasants, though they were still tied to the communal agricultural system called the Mir. Wilde, Robert. when troops fired on a defenseless crowd of workers, who, led by a priest, were marching to the Winter Palace to petition Czar Nicholas II. The magnitude of the strike finally convinced Nicholas to act. • October: Lvov joins the Constitutional Democrat (Kadet) party, which includes the more radical zemstvo menmen, nobles, and scholars; conservative liberals form the Octobrist Party. Nicholas II responded with a number of concessions. • February 18: Reacting to the growing troubles, Nicholas II orders the creation of a consultative assembly to report on constitutional reform; the move is less than the revolutionaries want, but it gives them impetus. Select from premium 1905 Russian Revolution of the highest quality. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a major factor contributing to the cause of the Revolutions of 1917. 1905 Russian Revolution Research Paper. Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. • October 19: The Council of Ministers is created, a government cabinet under Witte; leading Kadets are offered posts, but refuse. On the advice of Sergey Yulyevich Witte, he issued the October Manifesto (October 17 [October 30], 1905), which promised a constitution and the establishment of an elected legislature (Duma). A long-term social and economic cause of the 1905 Revolution was the continuing anger of both peasants and … There were the same marches and vast strikes, but in 1905 the revolution was crushed in a manner that affected how things unraveled in 1917 (including a great deal of fear things would repeat and a new revolution would fail). "Timeline of the Russian Revolutions: 1905." • The strike movement and unrest reaches Siberia and the Urals. The mutineers killed seven of the Potemkin's eighteen officers, including Captain Evgeny Golikov. At the Second Congress of the Russian Democratic Labor Party, it was agreed upon that Russia was in need of a revolution as the workers and peasants of the country were becoming dissatisfied with the Czar and the government. Historical Context. These efforts, coordinated by the Union of Liberation, culminated in the massacre of peaceful demonstrators in the square before the Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, on Bloody Sunday (January 9 [January 22, New Style], 1905). This guide provides access to materials related to the "Russian Revolution of 1905” in the Chronicling America digital collection of historic newspapers. The uprising failed to replace the tsarist autocracy with a democratic republic or even to convoke a constituent assembly, and most of the revolutionary leaders were placed under arrest. What was the difference? 150,000 striking workers and their families march through St. Petersburg to deliver a protest to the Tsar but are shot and ridden down on multiple occasions by the army. Updates? • October 17: Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, a liberal scheme proposed by Witte. On January 22 (January 9, Old Style), 1905, more than 100 workers were killed and hundreds were wounded when police fired on a peaceful demonstration in front of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. Khrustalev-Nosar, and on December 3 (December 16) occupied its building and arrested Leon Trotsky and others. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The St. Petersburg soviet prints its first issue of the newssheet Izvestia; left and right groups clash in streetfights. Timeline of the Russian Revolutions: 1906 - 1913, A Timeline of the Russian Revolution From 1914 to 1916, Bloody Sunday: Prelude to the Russian Revolution of 1917, Biography of Czar Nicholas II, Last Czar of Russia, Timeline of the Russian Revolutions: 1918, Execution of Czar Nicholas II of Russia and His Family. This was enough to break the opposition’s coalition and to weaken the St. Petersburg soviet. The captain ordered that the ringleaders to be shot. A council of workers called the St. Petersburg Soviet was created in this chaos. The "Bloody Sunday" demonstration was led by a priest named Father Gapon. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a major factor in the February Revolutions of 1917. The last Russian Emperor, Nicholas II (1894–1917), was unable to prevent the events of the Russian Revolution of 1905, triggered by the unsuccessful Russo-Japanese War and the demonstration incident known as Bloody Sunday. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. While Russia had a revolution in 1917 (in fact two), it nearly had one in 1905. The military remained loyal throughout the Revolution of 1905, shown through their shooting of revolutionaries ordered by the Tsar, signifying a would-be difficult overthrow. Redemption payments were eased on peasants, and enterprising farmers gained new rights to acquire land, creating a successful though widely resented kulak class in…. The Revolution of 1905 was the first time the Tsar had faced opposition from so many groups in Russian society at the same time. Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) famously termed the 1905 Revolution the "dress rehearsal" for the October Revolution of 1917. In 1905, there was a revolution in Russia. • November 26: Head of the St. Petersburg Soviet, Khrustalev-Nosar, arrested. On January 22nd in Petersburg [January 9th according to the Russian used Julian calender], the first mass revolutionary rising of the Russian proletariat against absolutism was put down ‘victoriously’ by the terrorist government, that is, it was drowned in the blood of thousands of defenceless workers, in the blood of the murdered men, women and children of the people [ Bloody Sunday]. Virtually all social groups and geographical areas were affected, and in some localities insurgents briefly assumed the powers of government. • November 27: The St. Petersburg Soviet appeals to the armed forces and elects a triumvirate to replace Nosar; it includes Trotsky. Some western historians emphasise the importance of 1905 as a revolution in its own right. Basic overview of events in line with structured teaching course. While the 1905 Revolution was ultimately crushed, and the leaders of the St. Petersburg Soviet were arrested, this laid the groundwork for the later Petrograd Sovietand other revolutionary movements during the lead up to 1917. • February 4: Grand-Duke Sergei Alexandrovich is killed by an SR assassin as protests grow. • August 6: Tsar issues a manifesto on the creation of a state Duma; this plan, created by Bulygin and nicknamed the Bulygin Duma, is rejected by revolutionaries for being too weak and having a tiny electorate. Nicholas responded in February by announcing his intention to establish an elected assembly to advise the government. The 1905 Revolution involved several forms of empire-wide resistance with no real single aim or cause. During the Revolution of 1905, or, more accurately, 1904–1907, sizable sectors of the Jewish community in the Russian Empire entered the arena of national politics. The defeat finally brought to a head a variety of political discontents simmering back at home. He is the author of the History in an Afternoon textbook series. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The rebellion reached its peak in October-November. • Reaction to the massacre spreads across neighboring regions, especially the industrial centers which experience spontaneous workers' strikes. • April 2: The second National Congress of Zemstvos again demands a constitutional assembly; the Union of Unions formed. On January 22 (January 9, Old Style), 1905, more than 100 workers were killed and hundreds were wounded when police fired on a peaceful demonstration in front of the…, These conditions led to outright revolution in 1905, as worker strikes and peasant rioting spread through the country. Tsarist troops wait outside the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. • January 9: Bloody Sunday. First…, Defeat by Japan brought revolution in Russia. In some areas the rebellion was met by violent opposition from the antirevolutionary Black Hundreds, who attacked the socialists and staged pogroms against the Jews. The Russo-Japanese War brought a series of Russian defeats on land and sea, culminating in the destruction of the Baltic fleet in the Tsushima Strait. • June: Soldiers used against strikers in Lodz. • November 8: The Union of Russian People is created by Dubrovin. By 1905, the ageing Russian autocracy was a system in terminal decline. The events of Bloody Sunday triggered a line of protests. • October 13: A council is formed to represent striking workers: the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers Deputies; it functions as an alternative government. A council of workers called the St. Petersburg Soviet was created in all this chaos, beginning the era of communist political protest. But his proposal did not satisfy the striking workers, the peasants (whose uprisings were spreading), or even the liberals of the zemstvos (local government organs) and of the professions, who by April were demanding that a constituent assembly be convened. In Finland order was restored by removing some unpopular legislation, but special military expeditions were sent to Poland, the Baltic provinces, and Georgia, where the suppression of the rebellions was particularly bloody. "Timeline of the Russian Revolutions: 1905." Russie Russian Revolution, In the midst of a considerable gathering, burial of bolsheviks … 1905: The Russian Revolution A short history of the first unsuccessful Russian Revolution of 1905. The ascending line (January – December 1905) is the growth of the revolutionary wave, the radicalization of demands, the mass character of revolutionary actions. • February 6: Notably large rural disorder, especially in Kursk. It was a dress rehearsal, without which the final victory of the proletariat in October 1917 would have been impossible. It initially directed the general strike; but, as social democrats, especially Mensheviks, joined, it assumed the character of a revolutionary government. He also made Witte president of the new Council of Ministers (i.e., prime minister). On 27th June, 1905, sailors on the Potemkin battleship, protested against the serving of rotten meat infested with maggots. Following the Revolution of 1905, the Tsar made last effort attempts to keep his regime from being toppled, and offered reforms similar to most rulers when pressured by a revolutionary movement. These reforms were outlined under a precursor to the Constitution of 1906 known as the October Manifesto which created t… Many navy ships were teeming with revolutionary sentiment and animosity toward the aristocratic officer class. In the development of the revolution, two lines can be distinguished, the upward and the downward. World War One had not acted as a magnifying glass for problems, and the military mostly stayed loyal. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/russian-revolutions-1905-1221816. The revolution lasted 2.5 years (from January 9, 1905, to June 3, 1907). • June 14-24: Sailors mutiny on the Battleship Potemkin. • November 14: The Moscow branch of the Peasants Union is arrested by the government. This is the question that European journalists and reporters have been asking themselves in connection with the events in St. Petersburg, which they are reporting to the whole world and attempting to evaluate. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-revolutions-1905-1221816. In St. Petersburg and other major industrial centres, general strikes followed. The autocracy was driven to the brink of collapse and forced to concede limits on its power for the first time. Timeline of the Russian Revolutions: Introduction, Industry and Agriculture History in Europe, Mensheviks dominate it as the Bolsheviks boycott, M.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University, B.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University. The first workers’ council, or soviet, acting as a strike committee, was formed at Ivanovo-Vosnesensk; another, the St. Petersburg soviet, was formed on October 13 (October 26). The Russo-Japanese War brought a series of Russian defeats on land and sea, culminating in the destruction of the Baltic fleet in the Tsushima... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. • December: Nicholas II and his son given honorary membership of the Union of the Russian People; they accept. ThoughtCo. The events of Bloody Sunday triggered nationwide protests and soldier mutinies. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. • October 18: N. E. Bauman, a Bolshevik activist, is killed during a streetfight triggering a street war between the Tsar supporting right and the revolutionary left. These concessions did not meet the radical opposition’s demands for an assembly or a republic. Updated July 22, 2018 While Russia had a revolution in 1917 (in fact two), it nearly had one in 1905. • October 1905 - July 1906: The Peasant Union of the Volokolamsk District creates the independent Markovo Republic; it survives, 80 miles from Moscow, until the government crushes it in July 1906. Find the perfect 1905 Russian Revolution stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Writing in exile, Lenin offers his views on the 1905 Revolution and the shootings on Bloody Sunday, January 1905: “Revolt or revolution? On a cold Sunday, the 22 nd of January, 1905, tens of thousands of workers in St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, marched to the Tsar’s splendorous Winter Palace to deliver a petition. 1905 Russian Revolution (Classroom Activity) The killing of the demonstrators became known as Bloody Sunday and it has been argued that this event signalled the start of the 1905 Revolution. Timeline of the Russian Revolutions: 1905. This early fascist group aims to fight against the left and is funded by government officials. Russian Empire - Russian Empire - Revolution of 1905 and the First and Second Dumas: Defeat by Japan brought revolution in Russia. In the longer term, the revolution can be seen as the culmination of intense social unrest which stemmed from the Tsarist regime and the “backwardness” of the Russian state. These are the people who have led the revolution so far. • November 24: Tsar introduces 'Provisional Rules', which at once abolish some aspects of censorship, but introduce harsher penalties for those praising 'criminal acts'. 1905 Russian Revolution. • October 9: As telegraph workers join the strike, Witte warns the Tsar that to save Russia he must make great reforms or impose a dictatorship. Russian Revolution 1905.Cartoon from L'Assiette au Beurre, Paris, July 1905. Causes of the 1905 revolution in Russia included discontent among industrial workers and rural peasants, discrimination against Jews and other minorities, student unrest, the rise of socialism and a humiliating defeat in the war against Japan. The 1905 Russian Revolution for Edexcel AS Modern History. But some moderates were satisfied, and many workers, interpreting the October Manifesto as a victory, returned to their jobs. https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-revolutions-1905-1221816 (accessed April 13, 2021). The indirect causes of the 1905 Revolution laid in the social, political, agrarian, and industrial developments that marked the preceding century. Morale in Russias Black Sea fleet had long been at rock-bottom lows, spurred on by defeats in the Russo-Japanese War and widespread civil unrest on the homefront. Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. (2020, August 26). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Mensheviks dominate it as the Bolsheviks boycott and similar soviets are soon created in other cities. This simple action led to a massacre known as Bloody Sunday, and was the beginning of the 1905 Russian Revolution. Following the 'Bloody Sunday' massacre, a general strike paralysed the country and workers' and peasants' councils were set up. • December 3: The St. Petersburg Soviet is arrested en masse after Socialist Democrats (SD) hand out weapons. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The 1905 Revolution The shooting of protesting factory workers in St Petersburg in January 1905 sparked what became known as the 1905 Revolution, the 20th century’s first major challenge to tsarist autocracy. • October 6: Rail workers join the strike. The 1905 revolution already revealed, albeit in an embryonic fashion, all the basic processes which were to be repeated on a higher scale 12 years later. Their protests ranged from liberal rhetoric to strikes and included student riots and terrorist assassinations. A railroad strike, begun on October 7 (October 20), swiftly developed into a general strike in most of the large cities. By the beginning of 1906 the government had regained control of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and of the army, and the revolution was essentially over. It did, however, force the imperial regime to institute extensive reforms, the most important of which were the Fundamental Laws (1906), which functioned as a constitution, and the creation of the Duma, which fostered the development of legal political activity and parties. • February: The strike movement spreads down to the Caucasus. Corrections? Order Number 1 Nearly Destroyed the Russian Army: What Was It? The Potemkin uprising was sparked by a disagreement over food, but it was anything but accidental. The end goal of the revolution was to be socialism. The 1905 Revolution Incompetency and a lack of of leadership led to the downfall of the Tsar. Instead, as historians in the conference held at the War Museum reminded listeners, the 1905 Revolution was a signal that the Latvian nation was struggling to come alive. 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