Source: Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, edited by Roy P. Basler. Let this be granted. Possibly, this is a mere omission; but who can be quite sure, if McLean or Curtis had sought to get into the opinion a declaration of unlimited power in the people of a state to exclude slavery from their limits, just as Chase and Mace sought to get such declaration, in behalf of the people of a territory, into the Nebraska bill-I ask, who can be quite sure that it would not have been voted down, in the one case, as it had been in the other? The indorsement, however, fell short of a clear popular majority by nearly four hundred thousand votes, and so, perhaps, was not over-whelmingly reliable and satisfactory. This necessity had not been overlooked; but had been provided for, as well as might be, in the notable argument of "squatter sovereignty," otherwise called "sacred right of self government," which latter phrase, though expressive of the only rightful basis of any government, was so perverted in this attempted use of it as to amount to just this: That if any one man, choose to enslave another, no third man shall be allowed to object. "Not we," said the friends of the measure; and down they voted the amendment. On this day in 1858, newly nominated senatorial candidate Abraham Lincoln addresses the Illinois Republican Convention in Springfield and warns that the nation faces a crisis that could destroy the Union. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only, not ceased, but has constantly augmented. But, so far, Congress only, had acted; and an indorsement by the people, real or apparent, was indispensable, to save the point already gained, and give chance for more. That was the second point gained. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half … We shall not fail-if we stand firm, we shall not fail. Lincoln worries about the danger of the outcome of recent policies. That was the second point gained. “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”. On June 16, 1858, only three hours after the Illinois Republican Party nominated him as its candidate for the United States Senate from that state, Abraham Lincoln gave his “A House Divided” speech in Springfield, Illinois. Plainly enough now, the adoption of it, would have spoiled the nitch for the Dred Scott decision. At length a squabble springs up between the President and the author of the Nebraska bill, on the mere question of fact, whether the Lecompton constitution was or was not, in any just sense, made by the people of Kansas; and in that quarrel the latter declares that all he wants is a fair vote for the people, and that he cares not whether slavery be voted down or voted up. The several points of the Dred Scott decision, in connection with Senator Douglas' "care not" policy, constitute the piece of machinery, in its present state of advancement. What is the main purpose of the "House Divided Speech"? Why, even a Senator's individual opinion withheld, till after the Presidential election? 185. 4. We're not sure what it was about Abe's motif-crafting mind—maybe the fact that he was such a kick-butt handyman that he built two boats?—but he definitely had construction on the mind when he wrote this speech. How to Cite This Page: " Lincoln delivers his famous House Divided … That is what we have to do. If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could better judge what to do, and how to do it. Senator Douglas holds, we know, that a man may rightfully be wiser today than he was yesterday-that he may rightfully change when he finds himself wrong. He approaches it more than once, using the precise idea, and almost the language too, of the Nebraska act. Springfield, IL The basic tone of the "House Divided" speech is, "The end is nigh! Our cause, then, must be intrusted to, and conducted by its own undoubted friends-those whose hands are free, whose hearts are in the work-who do care for the result. 3 ABRAHAM LINCOLN ‘HOUSE DIVIDED ’ SPEECH 4 whether the people of a Territory can constitutionally exclude slavery from their limits; and the latter answers: ‘That is a question for the Supreme Court.’ The election came. On June 16, 1858, at the Illinois Republican convention in Springfield, Abraham Lincoln kicked off his bid for the U.S. Senate with a speech that would come to be known as the "House Divided" speech. Mr. Lincoln spoke at the close of the Republican State Convention. MLA Example: Lincoln, Abraham. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, "A HOUSE DIVIDED": SPEECH AT SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS (16 JUNE 1858) Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention. Speaking to more than 1,000 delegates in an ominous tone, Lincoln paraphrased a passage from the New Testament: a house divided against itself cannot stand. Plainly enough now, the speaking out then would have damaged the "perfectly free" argument upon which the election was to be carried. To meet and overthrow the power of that dynasty, is the work now before all those who would prevent that consummation. But clearly, he is not now with us-he does not pretend to be-he does not promise to ever be. The Supreme Court met again, did not announce their decision, but ordered a re-argument. The He now accuses “Stephen and Franklin and Roger and James” of being in the … The primary issue throughout the course of this speech was the heavily controversial issue of slavery. A champion for human liberty B. It will become all one thing, or all the other. The Presidential inauguration came, and still no decision of the court; but the incoming President, in his inaugural address, fervently exhorted the people to abide by the forthcoming decision, whatever it might be. That principle, is the only shred left of his original Nebraska doctrine. Lincoln’s description of the Union as a house divided is well-remembered today. Lincoln extends the house metaphor that he introduced at the beginning of the speech. Mr. Buchanan was elected, and the indorsement, such as it was, secured. As James Russell Lowell had written, ‘It is only first-rate events that call for and mould first-rate characters.’ … We shall lie down pleasantly dreaming that the people of Missouri are on the verge of making their State free; and we shall awake to the reality, instead, that the Supreme Court has made Illinois a slave State. The new year of 1854 found slavery excluded from more than half the State by State Constitutions, and from most of the national territory by congressional prohibition. Abraham Lincoln's "The House Divided" Speech (1858) The escalating crisis drew a country lawyer back into the political fray. In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed - The chronology of Abraham Lincoln’s sudden rise from relative obscurity to a presidential nomination includes no more decisive date than June 16, 1858. This point is made in order to deprive the negro, in every possible event, of the benefit of that provision of the United States Constitution, which declares that - But we'll definitely win." The Northern states used wage labor: they hired workers and paid them for their work. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly . Use the following structure to cite the Gettysburg Address in MLA style: Formula if Found in a Book. While the opinion of the Court, by Chief Justice Taney, in the Dred Scott case, and the separate opinions of all the concurring Judges, expressly declare that the Constitution of the United States neither permits Congress nor a territorial legislature to exclude slavery from any United States territory, they all omit to declare whether or not the same Constitution permits a state, or the people of a State to exclude it. I want to use some universally known figure, expressed in simple language as universally known, that it may strike home to the minds of men in order to rouse them to the peril of the times." Before the then next Presidential election, the law case came to, and was argued in the Supreme Court of the United States; but the decision of it was deferred until after the election. My research examines how communities remember – and sometimes fail to remember – the lessons of the past. The nearest approach to the point of declaring the power of a State over slavery, is made by Judge Nelson. In Abraham Lincoln: The road to presidency. Either the opponents of slavery, will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new-North as well as South. Can he possibly show that it is less a sacred right to buy them where they can be brought cheapest? Let him consider not only what work the machinery is adapted to do, and how well adapted; but also, let him study the history of its construction, and trace, if he can, or rather fail, if he can, to trace the evidences of design and concert of action, among its chief bosses, from the beginning. But how can we best do it? I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention. President Lincoln implemented some very effective arguments and rhetorical devices to create a hypnotic sway in his speech. Any why the hasty after indorsements of the decision by the President and others? To cite the language of journalist Bill Bishop’s best-seller, “The Big Sort,”Americans have sorted themselves into distinct, homogeneous groups. His avowed mission is impressing the "public heart" to care nothing about it. America’s Most Famous Speeches, by Dale Salwak, Random House, 1984. Why mention a State? This point is made, not to be pressed immediately; but, if acquiesced in for a while, and apparently indorsed by the people at an election, then ro sustain the logical conclusion that what Dred Scott's master might lawfully do with Dred Scott, in the free State of Illinois, every other master may lawfully do with any other one or one thousand slaves, in Illinois, or in any other free State. Now, as ever, I wish to not misrepresent Judge Doulgas' position, question his motives, or do aught that can be personally offensive to him. Read More. That argument was incorporated into the Nebraska bill itself, in the language which follows: "It being the true intent and meaning of this act not to legislate slavery into any Territory or State, nor to exclude it therefrom; but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in their own way, subject only to the Constitution of the United States." They wish us to infer all, from the facts, that he now has a little quarrel with the present head of the dynasty; and that he has regularly voted with us, on a single point, upon which, he and we, have never differed. “Speech Title.” Year Given. Lincoln’s acceptance came in the famous ‘House Divided’ speech. The new President, too, seizes the early occasion of the Silliman letter to indorse and strongly construe that decision, and to express his astonishment than any different view had ever been entertained. The people were to be left "perfectly free" "subject only to the Constitution." The election came. House Divided Speech: When Abraham Lincoln gave his "House Divided" speech to the Republican Party of the state of Illinois in 1858, he had no way of knowing it would become such a famous speech. His late joint struggle with the Republicans, against the Lecompton Constitution, involves nothing of the original Nebraska doctrine. And, unquestionably they can be bought cheaper in Africa than in Virginia. Source: Neely, Mark E. Jr. 1982. Why the incoming President's advance exhortation in favor of the decision? But, can we for that reason, run ahead, and infer that he will make any particular change, of which he, himself, has given no intimation? The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia. Southern political leaders focused on protecting the institution of slavery. It should not be overlooked that, by the Nebraska bill, the people of State as well as Territory, were to be left "perfectly free" "subject only to the Constitution." Political scientists Daniel Hopkins and John Sides concludethat U.S. “polarization has deep structural and historical roots” with “no easy solutions.” In his “House Divided” speech, Lincoln addressed a nation even more fiercely divided b… But when we see a lot of framed timbers, different potions of which we know have been gotten out at different times and places and by different workmen,- Stephen, Franklin, Roger and James, for instance-and we see these timbers joined together, and see they exactly make the frame of a house or a mill, all the tenons and mortieses exactly fitting, and all the lengths and proportions of the different … "But," said opposition members, "let us be more specific- let us amend the bill so as to expressly declare that the people of the Territory may exclude slavery." Have we no tendency to the latter condition? Lincoln’s speech still offers timely lessons about the costs of deep-seated political polarization. The nomination of Lincoln was the final item of business at the convention, which then broke for dinner, meeting again at 8 PM. Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided” speech had an enticing effect on the public and influenced their opinions drastically, when it was given in 1858, as Mr. Lincoln was running for Senator. Formula if in an Online Transcript. Plainly enough now, it was an exactly fitted nitch for the Dred Scott decision to afterward come in, and declare that perfect freedom of the people, to be just no freedom at all. Auxiliary to all this, and working hand in hand with it, the Nebraska doctrine, or what is left of it, is to educate and mould public opinion, at least Northern public opinion, to not care whether slavery is voted down or voted up. If the Union is “a house divided,” then Lincoln is certain that it will eventually become all slave or all free. Why the delay of a reargument? If he has any parental feeling, well may he cling to it. And this may be expected if the doctrine of "care not whether slavery be voted down or voted up," shall gain upon the public mind sufficiently to give promise that such a decision can be maintained when made. 62701. Under the Dred Scott decision, "squatter sovereignty" squatted out of existence, tumbled down like temporary scaffolding - like the mold at the foundry served through one blast and fell back into loose sand - helped to carry an election, and then was kicked to the winds. But when we see a lot of framed timbers, different potions of which we know have been gotten out at different times and places and by different workmen,- Stephen, Franklin, Roger and James, for instance-and we see these timbers joined together, and see they exactly make the frame of a house or a mill, all the tenons and mortieses exactly fitting, and all the lengths and proportions of the different pieces exactly adapted to their respective places, and not a piece too many or too few-not omitting even scaffolding-or, if a single piece be lacking, we see the place in the frame exactly fitted and prepared to yet bring such piece in-in such a case, we find it impossible not to believe that Stephen and Franklin and Roger and James all understood one another from the beginning, and all worked upon a common plan or draft drawn up before the first lick was struck. Still, before the election, Senator Trumbull, on the floor of the Senate, requests the leading advocate of the Nebraska bill to state his opinion whether the people of a territory can constitutionally exclude slavery from their limits; and the latter answers, "That is a question for the Supreme Court." This point is made in order that individual men may fill up the territories with slaves, without danger of losing them as property, and thus enhance the chances of permanency to the institution through all the future. Of strange, discordant, and even, hostile elements, we gathered from the four winds, and formed and fought the battle through, under the constant hot fire of a disciplined, proud, and pampered enemy. The outgoing President, in his last annual message, as impressively as possible echoed back upon the people the weight and authority of the indorsement. He has done all in his power to reduce the whole question of slavery to one of a mere right of property; and as such, how can he oppose the foreign slave trade-how can he refuse that trade in that "property" shall be "perfectly free"-unless he does it as a protection to the home production? First, that no negro slave, imported as such from Africa, and no descendant of such slave can ever be a citizen of any State, in the sense of that term as used in the Constitution of the United States. Speaker Last Name, First Name. Why was the amendment, expressly declaring the right of the people to exclude slavery, voted down? The speech was aimed at Senator Stephen A. Douglas and any Republicans who might think of supporting Douglas. The two sections developed distinct social and economic systems and divergent political points of view. His prediction turned out both profoundly wrong and perfectly correct. In the first half of the 19th century, the United States became increasingly torn by the debate over slavery. Welcome or unwelcome, such decision is probably coming, and will soon be upon us, unless the power of the present political dynasty shall be met and overthrown. (Which is also the tone of most superhero movies when you think about it.) After his A House Divided speech, Lincoln was viewed by abolitionists, the Republican Party, and even Southerners as: A. The Union did dissolve in the winter of 1860–61, after his election as president, when 11 Southern states seceded. We cannot absolutely know that all these exact adaptations are the result of preconcert. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." …. Two years ago the Republicans of the nation mustered over thirteen hundred thousand strong. Concerned, Determined. For years he has labored to prove it a sacred right of white men to take negro slaves into the new territories. They feared that more Northerners would embr… Then opened the roar of loose declamation in favor of "Squatter Sovereignty," and "Sacred right of self government." Douglas was not present. [1] If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could then better judge what to do, and how to … Lincoln delivers his famous House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois, Recollection by Julian M. Sturtevant, House Divided Speech, June 16, 1858, Recollection by Shelby Cullom, House Divided Speech, June 16, 1858, Abraham Lincoln, "A House Divided'': Speech, Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858, New York Times, "Illinois Republican State Convention," June 21, 1858, John L. Scripps to Abraham Lincoln, June 22, 1858, Abraham Lincoln to John L. Scripps, June 23, 1858, Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “A Crumb of Comfort for Mr. Seward,” June 26, 1858, Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “New Orleans Delta on the Illinois Republican Convention,” July 5, 1858, Abraham Smith to Abraham Lincoln, July 20, 1858, Oliver P. Hall and Others to Abraham Lincoln, January 9, 1860, Mechanicsburg, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln to Oliver P. Hall, Jacob N. Fullinwider, and William F. Correll , Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Certified Transcript of Passage from the House Divided Speech, December 7, 1860. Does he really think so? Circuit Court for the District of Missouri; and both Nebraska bill and law suit were brought to a decision in the same month of May, 1854. Lincoln, Abraham. Lincoln used formal language and technical terms to create an authoritative tone, which helps the audience be more receptive to his speech. The reputed author of the Nebraska bill finds an early occasion to make a speech at this capitol indorsing the Dred Scott Decision, and vehemently denouncing all opposition to it. This critical writing on Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided” Speech was written and submitted by your fellow student. At Springfield, Illinois, late that warm Wednesday afternoon, the Republican state convention unanimously designated him as its “first and only choice for the United States Senate,” and he responded in the evening with his famous “House-Divided” speech. And well may he cling to that principle. This opened all the national territory to slavery; and was the first point gained. A speech by Jefferson Davis to the Mississippi senate about the possibility of secession, November 1858. The working points of that machinery are: The House Divided Speech was an address given by Abraham Lincoln, later President of the United States, on June 16, 1858, at what was then the Illinois State Capitol in Springfield, after he had accepted the Illinois Republican Party's nomination as that state's US senator. Secondly, that "subject to the Constitution of the United States," neither Congress nor a Territorial Legislature can exclude slavery from any United States Territory. Speaker Last Name, First Name. In what cases the power of the states is so restrained by the U.S. Constitution is left an open question, precisely as the same question, as to the restraint on the power of the territories was left open in the Nebraska act. By the time Lincoln spoke, both antislavery and proslavery writers had used the metaphor of the house divided to argue that the United States could not be both free and slave. “House Divided” Essay Discuss the relevance today of Abraham Lincoln’s statement, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” Abraham Lincoln’s statement in his 1858 speech that “A house divided against itself cannot stand,” is an extremely true statement that is as relevant today as it was when he originally stated it in 1858. “Speech Title.” Year Given. Similar to the concept of the "house divided," Lincoln uses the term "machinery" a few times to illustrate the forces at work beyond the control of him and his audience. The economy of the Southern states largely depended on the labor of enslaved African Americans. 413 S. 8th Street Then, in a few days, came the decision. Can we safely base our action upon any such vague inference? ( See primary source document: “A House Divided.”) He predicted that the country eventually would become “all one thing, or all the other.”. On the previous day the Convention had taken the unprecedented move of naming Lincoln their candidate for the Senate [normally Senate candidates were chosen in January when the new legislature convened]. The negro's name was "Dred Scott," which name now designates the decision finally made in the case. Thirdly, that whether the holding a negro in actual slavery in a free State, makes him free, as against the holder, the United States courts will not decide, but will leave to be decided by the courts of any slave State the negro may be forced into by the master. Four days later, commenced the struggle, which ended in repealing that congressional prohibition. Why the outgoing President's felicitation on the indorsement? 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