His lack of enthusiasm for organized religion became more pronounced when he was exposed to secular teachings at a London mechanics’ institute, the “Hall of Science” off Tottenham Court Road. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 - 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. Alfred Russel Wallace, who died 100 years ago, on November 7 1913, is most often remembered as a kind of ‘Darwin satellite’: the other discoverer of evolution by natural selection. Wallace’s Line, as it was later named, runs from the Indian Ocean to the Philippine Sea. British naturalist, born at Usk, in Monmouthshire, on the 8th of January 1823. Photograph courtesy of Biophoto Associates/Science Source. Alfred Russel Wallace, OM, FRS was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. Découvrez tous les produits Alfred Russel Wallace à la fnac : Livres, BD, Ebooks LES OUBLIÉS DE L’HISTOIRE (3/7) - Scientifique, explorateur et aventurier, il a théorisé l’évolution des espèces. Wallace published 21 books, and the list of his articles, essays, and letters in periodicals contains more than 700 items. person who studies the natural history or natural development of organisms and the environment. Wallace, (born January 8, 1823, Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales—died November 7, 1913, Broadstone, Dorset, England), British humanist, naturalist, geographer, and social critic. The Wallace family moved several times, from Inner London to the outer borough of Barking, to Grays in Essex, and then south to Dorking, Surrey, to the outer borough of Croydon, to Godalming, Surrey, then to Parkstone and finally Broadstone, both in Dorset. For the ninth edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (1875–89), he wrote the article “Acclimatisation” (adaptation) and the animal life section of the article “Distribution.” He also lectured in the British Isles and in the United States and traveled on the European continent. His seminal contributions to biology rival those of his friend and colleague Charles Darwin, though he is far less well known. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) publie en 1895 un traité complet consacré au darwinisme dont l'essentiel de la démonstration très proche de celle de Darwin, est consacrée à l'illustration de la validité de la théorie de la sélection naturelle, concernant la couleur et les caractères sexuels secondaires [B 15]. Privacy Notice | He was the eighth of nine children, born into a middle-class family. Alfred Russel Wallace’s career eludes simple description. Wallace combined social reformism and quantitative arguments to undermine the claims of provaccinationists and had a major impact on the debate. You cannot download interactives. Like fellow naturalist and colleague Charles Darwin, Wallace traveled the world, observing and collecting samples of species. The two collaborated on a scientific paper, discussing their evidence for natural selection and evolution. About. The project is directed by John van Wyhe, assisted by Kees Rookmaaker, at the National University of Singapore, with assistance from the Wallace Page by Charles H. Smith. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. It is professional enough to satisfy academic standards, but accessible enough to be used by anyone. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Alfred Russel Wallace was born on January 8, 1823, in his family home of Kensington House in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales. In this way, subsequent generations either became enriched or impoverished for…, …Darwin’s colleague, the British naturalist. En 1889, Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), souvent considéré comme le co-découvreur de la sélection naturelle, écrit une vaste synthèse intitulée Darwinism dans laquelle il donne sa propre compréhension des mécanismes de l'évolution ou « descenda […] Lire la suite Wallace Online is the first complete edition of the writings of Alfred Russel Wallace, including the first compilation of his specimens and the only way to search all of his publications with a powerful search engine. Eadp 15:33, 20 April 2006 (UTC) What did he do beside dying? Alfred Russel Wallace was born in Wales in 1823. Hereditary variants were thought to arise naturally in populations, and then these were either selected for or against by the contemporary environmental conditions. In 1848 he began a natural history collecting expedition to the Amazon and in 1854 went to Malaysia. person who studies places and the relationships between people and their environments. When most of us think about natural selection, we attribute that theory to naturalist Charles Darwin. If anything at all is ever mentioned about Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) it is that he co-discovered the theory of natural selection. Media in category "Alfred Russel Wallace" The following 50 files are in this category, out of 50 total. animal with hair that gives birth to live offspring. ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE 1823-1913. She or he will best know the preferred format. However, what he is best known for is his work on the theory of natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace (b. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. ↑ Slotten, Ross A. Alfred Russel Wallace centenary - The centenary of the death of the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace on 7 November 1913 was marked in 2013 with events around the world to celebrate his life and work. Wallace was a highly original thinker and was […] Alfred Russel Wallace OM FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. process by which organisms that are better -adapted to their environments produce more offspring to transmit their genetic characteristics. a group of closely scattered islands in a large body of water. Entertain your science classroom with a paper-cut animation video tracking the theory of evolution as formulated by Alfred Russel Wallace. In … Biology, Earth Science, Geography, Physical Geography. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The Malay Archipelago book. ISBN 0-231-13010-4. Wallace spent eight years in the Malay Archipelago, from 1854 to 1862, traveling among the islands, collecting biological specimens for his own research and for sale, and writing scores of scientific articles on mostly zoological subjects. This site is dedicated to the life and work of Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 - 1913), one of the greatest scientists of all time. Code of Ethics. Alfred Russel Wallace visited Sumatra only once and stayed a relatively short time, from November 1861 to January 1862, which is perhaps surprising given that the island is massive (more than double the area of Great Britain) with, at that time, vast swathes of barely explored rain forest. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 - 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. He lost the profits from his collections through bad investments and other financial misfortunes. A catalogue of portraits, paintings and sculpture at the Natural History Museum, London (1995) (20590497251).jpg 3,302 × 3,922; 4.07 MB His research on geographic distribution of animals of the Malay Archipelago supported his evolutionary theories and led him to devise what became known as the Wallace Line, the boundary separating Australian fauna from Asian fauna. The theory of evolution is a shortened form of the term “theory of evolution by natural selection,” which was proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the nineteenth century. National Geographic Headquarters Among these were two extraordinary articles dealing with the origin of new species. Wallace spent eight years studying and collecting biological specimens in Southeast Asia. However, he could not explain how or why they evolve. For approximately 8 of the next 10 years, Wallace surveyed and mapped in Bedfordshire and then in Wales. He started his career as a surveyor and had at first just an amateur interest in botany and geology. However, Wallace has become just a footnote in history due to Darwin publishing his book However, what he is best known for is his work on the theory of natural selection. Terms of Service | Thomas, though trained in the law apparently never practiced, leaving the family struggling financially and with unstable housing. His seminal contributions to biology rival those of his friend and colleague Charles Darwin, though he is far less well known. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Updates? Wallace died in his 91st year and was buried in Broadstone, to be joined there by his widow the following year. Wallace returned to England in 1862 an established natural scientist and geographer, as well as a collector of more than 125,000 animal specimens. Wallace built three of his family’s houses, and at each he and his wife kept gardens. Except for one shipment of specimens sent to his agent in London, however, most of Wallace’s collections were lost on his voyage home when his ship went up in flames and sank. group of similar organisms that can reproduce with each other. British naturalist, born at Usk, in Monmouthshire, on the 8th of January 1823. Read 78 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Alfred Russel Wallace discovered the concept of evolution by natural selection. Wallace combined social reformism and quantitative arguments to undermine the claims of provaccinationists and had a major impact on the debate. During that time, he gathered over 125,000 specimens. Alfred Russel Wallace was born in Wales in 1823. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. In fact, Alfred Russel Wallace, another British naturalist, was a co-discoverer of the theory — though Darwin has gotten most of the credit. However, what most people do not know is that another scientist, Alfred Wallace, a naturalist, a geographer, and a socialist, also deserves some credit for the theory. Quarante-cinq ans de statistiques d’enregistrement, prouvant que la vaccination est à la fois inutile et dangereuse » (1885) Partie I. Mortalité et vaccination contre la variole. In 1859, Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species, which presented his theory of natural selection to a broader audience. Making Modern Science. Wallace was born on 8th January 1823 in Usk, South Wales, one of many children of Thomas Vere Wallace and his wife Mary (Greenell). He was, however, a scientific superstar in his own right. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. His research on the geographic distribution of animals provided critical support for his evolutionary theories and led him to draw a boundary line through Southeast Asia that divides Asian and Australian animal groups. 1823–d. Introduction. Alfred Russel Wallace advocated what is best described as a theory of “intelligent evolution.” Intelligent Evolution Defined Intelligent evolution is a theory of common descent based upon natural selection strictly bounded by the principle of utility (i.e. Wallace’s parents belonged to the Church of England, and as a child Wallace attended services. Although he applied for several jobs, Wallace never held a permanent position. © 1996 - 2021 National Geographic Society. Then, in 1858, while still in Southeast Asia, he became ill again. Several mammal, bird, and fish species are found in abundance on one side of the line and only in small numbers, or not at all, on the other side. Ceedjee contact 10 février 2008 à 10:33 (CET) La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 19 janvier 2021 à 01:17. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), co-discoverer of natural selection, was second only to Charles Darwin as the 19th century’s most noted English naturalist. 1913) was one of the most brilliant theoretical and field biologists of the 19th century. His formal education was limited to six years at the one-room Hertford Grammar School. Alfred Russel Wallace was born in Kensington Cottage near Usk, Monmouthshire, England (now part of Wales) on the 8th of January 1823 to Thomas Vere Wallace and Mary Ann Wallace (née Greenell), a downwardly mobile middle-class English couple who had moved there from London a few years earlier in order to reduce their living costs. Wallace’s two-volume Geographical Distribution of Animals (1876) and Island Life (1880) became the standard authorities in zoogeography and island biogeography, synthesizing knowledge about the distribution and dispersal of living and extinct animals in an evolutionary framework. An enthusiastic amateur naturalist with an intellectual bent, he read widely in natural history, history, and political economy, including works by William Swainson, Charles Darwin, Alexander von Humboldt, and Thomas Malthus. Wallace died 100 years ago this year. Wallace knew Darwin was working on similar research. Alfred Russel Wallace was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. Female mammals produce milk to feed their offspring. What touched those who knew him was his compassion, his humanness and sympathy, and his lack of pretense or acquired pride. Alfred Russel Wallace Biography, Life, Interesting Facts. Wallace’s wide-ranging interests—from socialism to spiritualism, from island biogeography to life on Mars, from evolution to land nationalization—stemmed from his profound concern with the moral, social, and political values of human life. The online etymology dictionary is the internet's go-to source for quick and reliable accounts of the origin and history of English words, phrases, and idioms. individual organism that is a typical example of its classification. Omissions? In the latter volume and in several articles from this period on human evolution and spiritualism, Wallace parted from the scientific naturalism of many of his friends and colleagues in claiming that natural selection could not account for the higher faculties of human beings. Alfred Russel Wallace, eminent naturalist and codiscoverer of the principle of natural selection, was a major participant in the antivaccination campaigns in late 19th-century England. His formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection, which predated Charles Darwin’s published contributions, is his outstanding legacy. Alfred Russel Wallace. Margot Willis, National Geographic Society. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-226-06861-7. Sustainability Policy | Natural selection explains how genetic traits of a species may change over time. Alfred Russel Wallace was a significant correspondent of Darwin. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. In early 1858 he sent a paper outlining these ideas to Darwin, who saw such a striking coincidence to his own theory that he consulted his closest colleagues, the geologist Charles Lyell and the botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker. Jeanna Sullivan, National Geographic Society, Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society Though the family was regarded as a middle-class, they were just able to meet the necessities of life. Huxley. Alfred Russel Wallace, le naturaliste et les orangs-outans. Two invaluable treat-ments of psychical phenomena and research in … Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Foremost among these commitments was an increasing engagement with spiritualism in his personal and public capacities. 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