america's "war on terrorism"

He climbs to the top of a wrecked fire truck and grabs a bullhorn in order to deliver a speech addressed to the workers who were still desperately clinging to the hope of finding survivors, for each life they would save would already be a small victory. So this is a just war—a war waged proportionally, in last resort, and in self-defense. The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the September 11 attacks. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. PART III - The Disinformation Campaign. [209][210][211] The aim of extraordinary rendition is often conducting torture on the detainee that would be difficult to conduct in the U.S. legal environment, a practice known as torture by proxy. “War on Terror” is only one of many names for “the ongoing campaign by the United States and some of its allies to counter international terrorism” (Anon., n.d.). In Iraq, some 26,544 insurgents were killed by the American-led coalition and the Iraqi Security Forces from 2003 to 2011. [277][278] The Kenyan Defence Forces claimed another 700+ insurgents killed in their own intervention of October 2011 to May 2012. After I have illustrated both aspects on America’s war on terrorism, I will conclude and answer my essential question whether America was strengthened or weakened by this monumental attempt to end terrorism – whether successful or not. [227] President Bush declared that the Geneva Convention, a treaty ratified by the U.S. and therefore among the highest law of the land, which protects prisoners of war, would not apply to Taliban and al-Qaeda detainees captured in Afghanistan. [33] The targets of the campaign are primarily Sunni Islamic fundamentalist armed groups located throughout the Muslim world, with the most prominent groups being Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State, the Taliban, Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, and the various franchise groups of the former two organizations. Islam strictly forbids causing harm to innocent women, children, and other people. "Abizaid Credited With Popularizing the Term 'Long War,'" 3 February 2006: Elizabeth D. Samet, "Literature of the Forever War". [280], Over 1,600 Islamic State fighters (Abu Sayyaf having sworn allegiance to ISIS in 2014) were killed by government forces in the Philippines from 2014 to 2017 alone. "[177], In October 2015, the U.S. began deploying 300 soldiers[178] to Cameroon, with the invitation of the Cameroonian government, to support African forces in a non-combat role in their fight against ISIS insurgency in that country. [131], Following the September 11 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Nevertheless, in the same speech, in a bid to emphasize the legality of military actions undertaken by the U.S., noting that Congress had authorised the use of force, he went on to say, "Under domestic law, and international law, the United States is at war with al Qaeda, the Taliban, and their associated forces. Meanwhile, the ACLU quoted Justice Department figures showing that 7,000 people have complained of abuse of the Act. That was the beginning of the war on terror. In the aftermath of Operation Desert Fox, during December 1998, Iraq announced that it would no longer respect the no-fly zones and resumed its attempts to shoot down U.S. aircraft. As a Muslim, I try my best to avoid telling a lie. In February 2010, Coalition forces launched Operation Moshtarak in southern Afghanistan along with other military offensives in the hopes that they would destroy the Taliban insurgency once and for all. [176], NBC News reported that in mid-2014, ISIS had about 1,000 fighters in Libya. [162] Yemen has a weak central government and a powerful tribal system that leaves large lawless areas open for militant training and operations. [272] In addition, Al-Qaeda's main branch and ISIS's Afghanistan branch are each thought to have lost several thousand killed there since 2001.[273][274]. And the people who knocked these buildings down will hear from all of us soon.” It is a challenge. [191][192] Kashmiri was described by Bruce Riedel as a 'prominent' Al-Qaeda member,[193] while others described him as the head of military operations for Al-Qaeda. In my term paper I would like to focus on the most important branch of international terrorism, namely the Islamist terrorism. Weaken it? [190], In September 2009, a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri, who was the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda. Grade 15 Punkte Author Carmen Röhrl (Author) Year 2014 Pages 23 Catalog Number V343285 ISBN (eBook) 9783668337206 ISBN (Book) 9783668337213 File size 747 KB Language English Tags Once the hijackers assumed control of the jet airliners, they told the passengers that they had a bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger and crew actually suspected that they would use the jet airliners as suicide weapons since it had never happened before in history, and many previous hijacking attempts had been resolved with the passengers and crew escaping unharmed after obeying the hijackers. Focuses on the use of 9/11 attack on US as a pretext for the invasion and illegal occupation of Iraq, and the militarisation of justice and law enforcement. READ PAPER. [128] However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. [61] In 2017, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence called the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing "the opening salvo in a war that we have waged ever since—the global war on terror. the Washington post. ISBN: 1-58367-070-X. Costs of the operations The “war on terrorism” is a war of conquest. [307] This campaign was widely criticized in international media due to the perception that it unfairly targets and persecutes Chinese Muslims,[308] potentially resulting in a negative backlash from China's predominantly Muslim Uighur population. President George W. Bush has come to visit the site of the horror and to talk to the relatives of the victims and to the helpers. The New Crusade: America’s War on Terrorism. The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. "America's 'War on Terror' Has Cost Taxpayers $5.6 Trillion", "TSG IntelBrief: Terrorism in the Horn of Africa", "Cost of war at least $3.7 trillion and counting", "Estimated Cost to Each U.S. Many assassination attempts were disrupted, including such plans against President Bill Clinton, Pope John Paul II (c.f. His first study, "Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties?". It has also been known as: In 1984, the Reagan administration, which had significantly expanded the CIA-run program of funding the mujaheddin militants in Afghanistan, employed the term "war against terrorism" to pass legislation aimed at countering terrorist groups in the wake of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing that killed 241 U.S. and 58 French peacekeepers. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. At that point, the war would no longer be an armed conflict under international law,[73] and the military fight could be replaced by a law enforcement operation. The United States has carried out a campaign of drone attacks on targets all over the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Estimation of Civilian Bombing Casualties: Method and Sources", "Strange Victory: A critical appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan war", "The Americans . An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January. In order to demonstrate this, I will elaborate Al-Qaeda’s goals in the following. The term was immediately criticised by such people as Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and more nuanced terms subsequently came to be used by the Bush administration to publicly define the international campaign led by the U.S.[33] While it was never used as a formal designation of U.S. operations in internal government documentation,[39] a Global War on Terrorism Service Medal was issued. The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. [171] Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. [201] Also, governing bodies in many communities have passed symbolic resolutions against the act. Also, Israel is located in the center of the area in which the all-united Muslim nation should be formed. The Maute group, composed of former Moro Islamic Liberation Front guerrillas and foreign fighters led by Omar Maute, the alleged founder of a Dawlah Islamiya, declared loyalty to ISIL and began clashing with Philippine security forces and staging bombings. Unlike other operations contained in Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF-HOA does not have a specific organization as a target. 2. [177] On 18 January 2017, ABC News reported that two USAF B-2 bombers struck two ISIS camps 28 miles (45 km) south of Sirte, the airstrikes targeted between 80 and 100 ISIS fighters in multiple camps, an unmanned aircraft also participated in the airstrikes. A small number of "Afghan Arab" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance. These are the questions I will further pursue in my term paper “America’s War on Terrorism – Strengthening or Weakening of the United States?”. Cronin, 2004) and the so-called millennium attack plots as a part of which Los Angeles International Airport should have been bombed (cf. [179], Operation Active Endeavour is a naval operation of NATO started in October 2001 in response to the September 11 attacks. [214] In July 2014 the European Court of Human Rights condemned the government of Poland for participating in CIA extraordinary rendition, ordering Poland to pay restitution to men who had been abducted, taken to a CIA black site in Poland, and tortured. War Propaganda - Fabricating an Outside Enemy [147], The Prime Minister of Somalia claimed that three "terror suspects" from the 1998 United States embassy bombings are being sheltered in Kismayo. They Just Drop Their Bombs and Leave", "OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) U.S. CASUALTY STATUS *", "Mogadishu violence kills 6,500 in past year: rights group", "Funeral held for soldier killed in Ark. Since the initial invasion period, these forces were augmented by troops and aircraft from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand and Norway amongst others. However, the War on Terror does not include Sudan, where over 400,000 have died in an ongoing civil war. "[69] In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO). An observer described the atrocity by saying, "It just went 'bam,' like a bomb went off. - High royalties for the sales Globalisation is the final march to the "New World Order", dominated by Wall Street and the U.S. military-industrial complex.September 11, 2001 provides a justification for waging a war without borders. [170] The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated: "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy". [235] A 2019 Brown University study places the number of direct deaths caused by the War on Terror at over 800,000 when Syria and Yemen are included, with the toll rising to 3.1 million or more once indirect deaths are taken into account. The majority of these strikes occurred within Iraq. It is obvious, that the USA are hindering Al-Qaeda from achieving their goals. ", "Militant commander Hafiz Saeed killed in Khyber blast", "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video", "IMU announces death of emir, names new leader", "Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State", "The U.S. 'War on Terror' Has Displaced 37 Million People", "U.S. Officials Retool Slogan for Terror War". Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. 2. None of the flights had any survivors. After the September 11 attacks, the United States government commenced a program of illegal "extraordinary rendition," sometimes referred to as "irregular rendition" or "forced rendition," the government-sponsored abduction and extrajudicial transfer of a person from one country to transferee countries, with the consent of transferee countries. SYNOPSIS: America’s “War on Terrorism” In this expanded edition of Michel Chossudovsky’s 2002 bestseller, the author blows away the smokescreen put up by the mainstream media, that 9/11 was an attack on America by “Islamic terrorists”. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and Estonia and small contingents from other nations. America's War On Terrorism Subtitle Strengthening or Weakening of the United States? The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. In this new and expanded edition of Michel Chossudovsky's 2002 best seller, the author blows away the smokescreen put up by the mainstream media, that 9/11 was an attack on America by "Islamic terrorists". In her 2011 Reith lecture, the former head of MI5 said that the 9/11 attacks were "a crime, not an act of war. [129] Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003 and was executed in 2006. [188] India also argued that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan. Moghaddam, 1984). [96][97] The hijackers – members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell[98] – intentionally crashed two jet airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has verified the death of "sheik commander" Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan along with an unspecified number of militants. On 23 May 2017, the group attacked the city of Marawi, resulting in the bloody Battle of Marawi that lasted 5 months. [269] 119,752 suspected insurgents were arrested in Iraq from 2003 to 2007 alone, at which point 18,832 suspected insurgents had been reported killed;[270] applying this same arrested-to-captured ratio to the total number of insurgents killed would equate to approximately 26,500 insurgents killed and 168,000 arrested from 2003 to 2011. One year on, how goes America’s war on terrorism? [151] Nabhan, a Kenyan, was wanted in connection with the 2002 Mombasa attacks. America’s “War on Terrorism” By Michel Chossudovsky. Michael Griffin. The war on terror was officially started in 2001 as a countermeasure to the events of September 11th. Because of the enormity of this event, which was perfectly planned, the USA came to the terrifying realization that terrorists are capable of carrying out even worse attacks and that their force had obviously been underestimated. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage, Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle. Why did America choose to intervene? In response to these allegations, former Polish intelligence chief, Zbigniew Siemiatkowski, embarked on a media blitz and claimed that the allegations were "... part of the domestic political battle in the US over who is to succeed current Republican President George W Bush," according to the German news agency Deutsche Presse Agentur. [169] On 9 September 2014, President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. Gabriel, 2006: 118). He promises: “Our war on terror begins with Al Qaeda, but it does not end there. [103], Saudi Arabia witnessed multiple terror attacks from different groups such as Al-Qaeda, whose leader, Osama Bin Laden, declared war on the Saudi government. After answering these questions I will proceed with the progression of the war on terrorism. The International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War and the Physicians for Social Responsibility and Physicians for Global Survival give total estimates ranging from 1.3 million to 2 million casualties. Behind America s war on terrorism is the militarization of vast regions of the world, leading to the consolidation of what is best described as the American Empire . And the American people must be patient. On September, 17th, 2001, the National Security Strategy was published, in which President Bush announces that he does not only plan to capture terrorists, but also to attack countries that support terrorists. Download PDF. The term “Jihad” The notion of a "war" against "terrorism" has proven contentious, with critics charging that it has been exploited by participating governments to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives,[49] reduce civil liberties,[50] and infringe upon human rights. America's hyperreal war on terrorism 05 November 2001 By Anis Shivani. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Security was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense. [298] An Emirati spokesman for the Saudi-led coalition intervening in Yemen claimed that they had killed 1,000 Al-Qaeda linked militants and captured 1,500 up to August 2018.[299]. America's War on Terrorism by Michel Chossudovsky. There are two kinds of terrorism, namely domestic terrorism and international terrorism. Insurgent and terrorist deaths in Afghanistan are hard to estimate. The Iraq War began in March 2003 with an air campaign, which was immediately followed by a U.S.-led ground invasion. In the three years before the September 11 attacks, Pakistan received approximately US$9 million in American military aid. List Price: $24.95 / Special Price: $18.00. [229] The detention camp was set up by the U.S. government on Guantanamo Bay since the military base is arguably not legally domestic US territory and thus was a "legal black hole. by Rahul Mahajan. The War on Terror, spanning decades, is a multitrillion-dollar war. [262], Total American casualties from the War on Terror (this includes fighting throughout the world):[263][264][265][266][267], The United States Department of Veterans Affairs has diagnosed more than 200,000 American veterans with PTSD since 2001.[268]. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement, Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa, Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries, Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, counter-terrorist operations and campaigns, General Counsel of the Department of Defense, struck the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, List of terrorist incidents in Saudi Arabia, Alleged Saudi role in September 11 attacks, terrorist movements acting as proxies for Iran, List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–present), Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction, Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah, Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa, American military intervention in Somalia (2007–present), Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative, United States Special Operations Command, Pacific, series of military strikes on al-Qaeda militants, American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present), American intervention in Libya (2015–present), launched an assault on ISIS outposts in Sirte, Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom, Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2008, 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack, 2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot, 2009 New York City Subway and United Kingdom plot, Detentions following the September 11 attacks, Global surveillance disclosures (1970–2013) § 2000s, Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present), United States Department of Homeland Security, National Security Entry-Exit Registration System, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Civilian casualties of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present), United States Department of Veterans Affairs, generally estimated at 10-20% of the insurgency, List of terrorist incidents linked to ISIL, damaged America's reputation internationally, Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War, List of military operations in the War in Afghanistan (2001–present), Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, Timeline of United States military operations, "What Is the Khorasan Group, Targeted By US in Syria? 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