Firstly, their maltreatment of the Syrian and Iraqis, respectively, inclined these people to not only welcome the new invaders but even assist them. In our previous video, we covered the Byzantine – Sasanian War of 602–628. The Muslims continued to engulf the area, Damascus fell in 634 CE, the Byzantine garrison of Palestine was defeated in the battle of Fahl (Pella; 635 CE), and Emesa (Homs) fell in 636 CE, leaving Aleppo only a march away. Theodore Trithurius, the state treasurer, held the command in theory, but his presence was merely to boost the morale of the troops. In the course of six days, a vastly outnumbered Arab army succeeded in annihilating a significantly larger Byzantine force. Cite This Work Mosque of Khālid ibn al-Walīd in Hims, Syria. Vahan arranged his forces as such: Khalid arrayed his 36 infantry regiments in a similar fashion, in front of the Harir River, with 3 light cavalry divisions positioned behind the line, and one larger cavalry reserve under his personal command in the rear. 70,000 of the Greeks were put to death 3. These articles have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to state that the Battle of Yarmouk was one of the most decisive battles in history. The Battle of Yarmouk River (or Yarmuk River; also written as the Battle of Jabiya-Yarmuk) was fought over the course of six days, from 15 to 20 August 636 CE, between the Muslim army of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE), under Khalid ibn al-Walid (d. 642 CE) and the Byzantine legions, under field commander Vahan of Armenia (d. 636 CE). Khan, Syed M. "Battle of Yarmouk." In the 630s as Arab forces advanced out of the Arabian Peninsula into Iraq in the east and greater Syria in the northeast they encroached deep inside Byzantine territory. He asked them to become dhimmies or to accept Islam but war was the option the Romans chose. Date: 813AD Attacking Army: Byzantine Empire (Admiral Theodotus) with 45 vessels and 3000 men Defending Army: Septimania (Admirals Frankos and Lapitan) with 70 vessels and 5000 men. He proved to be instrumental in ensuring Rashidun victory against the rebels, all of whom were subdued within a year. Jerusalem, a holy city for three monotheistic religions - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - surrendered personally to the Caliph in 637 CE after receiving assurances of safety. Vahan either perished in the battle or, according to some, adopted a monastic lifestyle after the pulverizing defeat. Battle of Poitiers. But the ruler of the Sassanian Empire, Yazdegerd III (r. 632-651 CE), required time to prepare, and the Byzantines, ever-impatient to drive the Arabs out, advanced on their own. He participated in the Battle of Yarmuk, and the Battle of Jalula. Although Arab chroniclers are notorious for inflating enemy numbers and shrinking their own in comparison, the Muslim army was indeed heavily outnumbered by the Byzantines on this occasion. This ended with the Byzantines retreating in disarray, charged by the Arabs with a sand-laden wind behind them. A catastrophic defeat that left the way open for the Arabs to conquer Syria. On 15 August, fighting was initiated with several duels, as was the custom in the region, in which the Muslim champions appear to have bested their foes. Playtesting the battle of Yarmuk, we have decided that, in DBA terms, Spear best represents their dogged holding of the line while the battle evolves around them. Document A: Battle of the Yarmuk (Modified) Muslim forces took control of Syria in 636 CE when they fought the Eastern Roman Empire (which included Greece) at the Battle of Yarmuk. This plateau was an undulating flat land-mass, making it very suitable for the Arab light cavalry, which accounted for a quarter of his army's strength. Khan, Syed M. "Battle of Yarmouk." The Yarmouk Camp is a district of Damascus that is home to the largest community of Palestinian refugees in Syria . Given that the political map on the ground even today results from the Muslim conquests, Raymond Ibrahim provides a vital service in giving us a rational and well historically grounded account of the battle and the reasons for the Arab victory. The Battle of Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmuq or Hieromyax) took place between the Muslim Arabs and the Byzantine Empire on the 20th of August 636. Ancient History Encyclopedia has a new name! Yarmuk was the battle of the century. Having taken the scepter, Abu Bakr faced an open rebellion from all corners of Arabia. In either of which case, themes did not exist at the time of Yarmuk. Let us know. By the time Mahan arrived on the plains of Yarmuk, he had anywhere between 80,000 to 120,000 professional soldiers. 657. Mu'awiya stuck Quran pages on tip of spears. The stream had very steep banks, ranging from 30 m (98 ft)–200 m (660 ft) in height. Abu Bakr then launched the expansion of his empire into Iraq and Syria. In the second week of Rajab in the 15th year after Hijra (3rd week of August 636), Mahan ordered a general assault on the Muslim line, marking day 1 of the Battle of Yarmuk. Bridge over the Yarmūk River destroyed in 1946, near the Jordan-Israel border. With this stunning victory, the Muslims held uncontested power over the Levant and Syria. In both armies, infantry consisted of melee fighters and skirmishers (such as archers), and although the Muslims lacked heavy troops, which abounded in the ranks of their foes, they made up for this loss with higher mobility and unparalleled skill in hand-to-hand combat. History Talk (0) Share. The resolve of the dauntless Muslim women has been eloquently narrated by historian David Nicolle: …the Muslim right fell back and Byzantine troops reached one or more of the Arab camps. The battle would last for six grueling days. The last battle between the two came at the conclusion of what scholars refer to as the Last Great War Of Antiquity (at least partially because it _was_ the final Roman/Persian conflict), where they finally defeated the Persian army and stood poised to take over the entire rival empire. The Battle of Yarmuk book. World History Encyclopedia, 04 Jun 2020. Jabalah is said to have defected to the Rashidun side during the climax of the battle, and accepted Islam in 638 CE, only to apostatize later on and escape to Armenia. Tony Bunting is a historian who has recently completed a research project at the University of Central Lancashire on the evolution of nineteenth-century British imperialism. The Muslims gathered together, and the Greek army marched against them. In his stead, Abu Ubaidah (l. 583-639 CE), a man renowned for his moral standards, was made the governor of Syria and the commander of the Rashidun corps stationed there. The same scenario was enacted slightly later on the Muslims' left flank... (68). The Muslims soon engulfed Egypt, parts of North Africa, and several islands in the Mediterranean. There, they were further reinforced by fresh combatants from Medina, the Islamic capital, bringing their numbers up to 20-25,000 on the eve of the battle. Khan, S. M. (2020, June 04). It was a battle to decide the fate of this war. Muslim flanks, first the right and then the left, retreated to their camps, where, aided by their women, they managed to hold the enemy until relieved by Khalid's cavalry reserve. Muslim success against these superpowers was due to a combination of reasons. The decisive battle that delivered Palestine to the Muslims took place on August 20, 636. Many of the fleeing Byzantine troops fell to their deaths over a narrow ravine. Although Khalid was not officially in command, he was highly respected for his skill in battle, and Abu Ubaidah, who lacked such expertise, ceded the command to him. For his part, Heraclius assembled a large army of Byzantines, Slavs, Franks, and Christian Arabs and stationed them at Antioch in northern Syria. Yarmuq or Hieromyax written by Al-Baladhuri in Arabic. It was a crushing victory which gave Syria to the Muslims. Illustration of the battle of Yarmouk (636 CE), Calligraphy of Khalid ibn al-Walid's name, Troop Arrangement at the Battle of Yarmouk. ; The Empire's defeat at the Battle of Yarmuk opened Egypt and much of the Levant to Islam. … Al-Baladhuri: The Battle Of The Yarmuk (636) and After. Document A: Battle of the Yarmuk (Modified) Muslim forces took control of Syria in 636 CE when they fought the Eastern Roman Empire (which included Greece) at the Battle of Yarmuk. ; In 636 at the Battle of Yarmuk to the east of the Sea of Galilee, the Arabs decisively defeated the Byzantine forces. In the dark of the night, he sent a cavalry detachment around the field to take over the only bridge on the Wadi Ruqqad, cutting off the only escape route of the imperial army. Also, veterans of the Syrian Campaign would not have been available to turn the tide at Kadisya, so Muslim expansion east would have likely been checked as well. The Rashidun army, originally spread across Palestine, Jordan, Caesarea, and Emesa after their earlier triumphs, was regrouped and withdrawn southwards to the Yarmouk Plateau. Related Content By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015) was a battle that broke out in April 2015, during the Syrian Civil War, when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant stormed the rebel-held Yarmouk Camp. Various tribes, who had bowed before the Prophet, declared that their covenant with Muhammad had ended with his life. This account, written by Muslim historian Ahmad al-Biladuri in the 800s CE, describes the battle. Battle of Sartene (Yarmuk) Edit. Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, the victor of Nineveh, allied himself with the Sassanids, the two empires seeking to pool their depleted resources to stop the Arab advance. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. World History Encyclopedia. And yet, very few in the West are even aware of the Battle of Yarmuk’s existence—much less how it motivates contemporary Islamic terrorists. Corrections? After the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE, his closest confidant, Abu Bakr (r. 632-634 CE) assumed control over the community as the first Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE). And that historians cannot determine if this took place during Heraclius’ reign or that of his son and successor. Or so they thought. The fighting started on 20 August 636 CE with another duel, where Abu Ubaidah got the best of his foe, a Greek commanding officer named Gregory, and then the entire Muslim line charged. The Romans tried to convince the Muslims to leave Syria by buying them out but Khalid bin Walid declined. Hind repeatedly exclaiming to “cut the arms of these non-Muslims with your swords” 3. Noté /5. Surrounded on three fronts, and with no hope of assistance from the cataphracts, the imperial troops began to rout, but unbeknownst to them, their escape had already been cut off. Losses: Byzantine allied, 40,000; Arab, 5,000. The Muslim conquest of Syria. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike, Ghassanid light cavalry, under Jabalah, acted as the vanguard for screening and skirmishing, The left flank consisted of the Slavic infantry (facing the Muslim right), Armenian infantry (under Vahan himself) and European contingents made up the center, Cavalry divisions, mostly consisting of cataphracts - elite heavy mounted troops, were stationed behind each flank and the two central divisions. As I recall, the Byzantine Empire set up themes in reaction to the loss of most of the East at some point following the Battle of the Yarmuk, settling the former armies of the empire in Anatolia as farmer/soldiers. Secondly, the years of fighting with each other had significantly weakened the two colossal empires. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Questions or concerns? Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! On the n… →The Battle of Yarmouk is regarded as one of the most critical battles in … Background: An account of the battle of the Yarmuk aka. Last modified June 04, 2020. The most notable Rashidun military leader in this conflict was Khalid ibn al-Walid (l. 585-642 CE), a man cherished by Abu Bakr, despite his flaws, for his unparalleled talent in warfare. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Advertisement. In the meantime, more information about the article and the author can be found by clicking on the author’s name. This contribution has not yet been formally edited by Britannica. Vahan, realizing too late that he had been outwitted, failed to organize his disarrayed cavalry in time, and the Muslims smashed the Byzantine left into their center. Umar officially discharged him of duty upon his visit to the region soon after the battle. Only Jerusalem and Caesarea held out, the former until 638, when it surrendered to the Muslims, and the latter until October…, …Heraclius was defeated at the Battle of the Yarmūk River in 636; by 640 the conquest was virtually complete.…, …a Byzantine army at the Battle of the Yarmūk River and brought the greater part of Syria and Palestine under Muslim rule.…. Battle of Sartene; Location: Off the coast of the town of Sartene, Corsica. Interested in participating in the Publishing Partner Program? Updates? The Byzantine emperor Heraclius (r. 610-641 CE), determined to rid his land of the Arabs, mustered up a huge force at Antioch to crush the invaders. …concentrated his troops on the Yarmūk River, the eastern tributary of the Jordan River. This defeat led to the … Another notable figure among the Byzantine ranks was Jabalah (d. 645 CE), the Ghassanid ruler who had profited much from his alliance with the Byzantines and felt no compunction in serving them against fellow Arabs. Negotiations dragged on for around three months, and during this time, the Rashidun army was reinforced from Medina. To the great shock of Abu Ubaidah, who was happily willing to comply, Khalid rejected the offer; the cunning general knew that the time to act was then. Both sides agree on arbitration. When the two armies met, it was Heraclius’s intention to exercise caution and wear the Muslims down by a series of small engagements. The battle was fought on the plain of Yarmouk, which was enclosed on its western edges by a deep ravine known as Wadi-ur-Raqad, around 200 m (660 ft) deep. The Byzantines continued to attempt to push through the Muslim ranks for the next two days, and just as Vahan's troops appeared to have made a breakthrough, Khalid would use his reserve to send them on the run. After the devastating blow to the Sassanid Persians at Firaz, the Muslim Arab forces, under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid, took on the army of the Christian Byzantine Empire at Yarmouk near the border of modern-day Syria and Jordan. The contestants were the Eastern Roman Empire, under Emperor Heraclius, and the newly born Arabian caliphate, under the second caliph, Omar. Had the Byzantines prevails, Muslim expansion north and west would have been checked. Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque, HomsTravpacker.com (CC BY-ND) According to Document A: Battle of the Yarmuk (Modified), “Among them was Hind, daughter of ‘Utbah and mother of Mu’awuvah ibn-abi-Sufyan, who repeatedly exclaimed, “Cut the arms of those non-Muslims with your swords!” This can mean that the Muslims took pride in the fight and fought bravely. Khalid ibn a-Walid's Invasion of SyriaMohammad adil (GNU FDL). Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. On the final day, the military brilliance of Khalid (RA) wiped Mahan’s … Articles such as this one were acquired and published with the primary aim of expanding the information on Britannica.com with greater speed and efficiency than has traditionally been possible. These renegades were labeled as apostates and were confronted with the full might of Rashidun military in a series of engagements, later styled as the Ridda Wars (632-633 CE). The major battle was to continue for six days. As the infantry locked their kind on the opposing side in place, Khalid sprang into action and led a huge cavalry force, gathered from all of his cavalry divisions, around the Byzantine left flank. Cite This Work. 2014 - Battle of Yarmuk, 636 AD (Byzantines vs. Arabs). Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Seeking to buy some respite for his men, the Armenian field commander sued for peace on the fifth day. Troop Arrangement at the Battle of YarmoukMohammad Adil (CC BY-SA) The Byzantines, upon finding the Muslims completely alert, attacked anyway and locked their center in place as their flanks delivered the blows from either side. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1563/battle-of-yarmouk/. Seeking to catch the Arabs by surprise, Vahan advanced at dawn on the following day, probably knowing that the Muslims would be busy offering their (Fajr) prayers. Not content with further delay, both sides prepared for combat. Battle of Yarmouk, also called the Battle of Yarmuk, (20 August 636). Books Battle of Yarmouk. (Close Reading) List 3 reasons why this battle was the “fiercest and bloodiest kind.” 1. Though he had been encouraged by many to rebel against Umar, Khalid refused to do so. Yarmuk 636 AD. This account, written by Muslim historian Ahmad al-Biladuri in the 800s CE, describes the battle. Web. Thirdly, though the equipment of the Arabs did not parallel that of their foes, their skill in combat was unexcelled and the contributions of great generals like Khalid ibn al-Walid cannot be underestimated either. Khalid retired peacefully (although he is said to have complained to Umar, saying that he was being treated like dirt), died in 642 CE, and was buried in Homs. The Byzantine forces were placed in front of the Allan river, with their right anchoring the gorge to the south and their left bordering the Jabiya hills. A Byzantine general by the name of Vahan gathered a large army around 200,000 men and they conquered a lot of areas in the Middle East: Iraq, Iran, Syria, Israel, and Palestine. After the victory at Firaz, Khalid had virtually conquered Mesopotamia. World History Encyclopedia. 657 Mu'awiya's troops vs. Ali's troops. Khalid all but annihilated his foe and secured a crushing victory, whilst only taking around 4,000 casualties. A huge imperial force, consisting of Greeks, Slavs, Franks, Armenians, Georgians, and Ghassanid (Christian) Arab vassals of Syria, had a cumulative strength of around 40,000. In the face of the Muslim expansion, the Byzantine emperor Heraclius gathered a large army which met the Muslim army at the Battle of the Yarmuk in Syria on 20 August 636. Meanwhile, alarmed that the Byzantine-led force had assembled in Syria while Muslim forces were fragmented into at least four separate groups, Khalid called a council of war and successfully argued that the entire Arab army be united to face Heraclius. This ravine joins the Yarmouk River, a tributary of the Jordan River, on its south. Abu Bakr, in the meanwhile, died of natural causes and was replaced by Umar (r. 634-644 CE), who stripped Khalid of his command, either because of a personal grudge or because of his harsh personality. 25.Battle of Yarmuk [Byzantine]: When the Christians heard of their constant defeats and the loss of their lands, Heraclius was determined to recover Palestine. Muhammad is a biologist, history enthusiast, and a freelance writer, he has been actively contributing to the Encyclopedia's Islamic history section since 2019. After the devastating blow to the Sassanid Persians at Firaz, the Muslim Arab forces, under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid, took on the army of the Christian Byzantine Empire at Yarmouk near the border of modern-day Syria and Jordan. Women took part and fought violently 2. Retrouvez The Battle of Yarmuk: An Assessment of the Immediate Factors behind the Islamic Conquests et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Illustration of the battle of Yarmouk (636 CE)Unknown (Public Domain). World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Following this, Vahan ordered the advance of merely a third of his force to probe the Muslim lines for weaknesses; the fighting was not extreme and the Byzantines retreated after the day's end. Mahan came within a hair widths edge of victory several times but the Khalid (RA) pushed him back from the brink. Khalid, however, had stationed scout patrols ahead of the main army in anticipation of such a surprise attack. License. ; 636-Khalid ibn Walid's forces defeat Byzantine army at Battle of Yarmuk, sealing the Muslim conquest of Syria. Calligraphy of Khalid ibn al-Walid's nameUsmanKhanShah (CC BY-SA) The only drawback is the price, as this work … Yarmouk ValleyMohammad Adil (CC BY-SA) Heraclius was forced to concentrate on the defense of Anatolia and Egypt. Battle of Siffin. Though Khalid's morals did not equal Umar's standards (there were some controversies against him), this action was much criticized, for it had been Khalid who saved the Muslim cause from certain doom, but Umar announced that he had done so to show the people that it was God alone who gave them victory. Along with Qadasiya, Yarmuk must rank as one of the most decisive battles in world history-yet little known in the West. The Muslim conquest of Syria. Moreover, this was the magnum opus of Khalid, who has been immortalized in legends for his triumph. The Ridda Wars or the Wars of Apostasy (632-633 CE) were a series... Yarmuk 636 AD. 12 Apr 2021. The Battle of Yarmuk (a tributary of the Jordan River), close to the present-day border of Syria and Jordan, was a decisive battle between the Byzantine Empire and the rapidly expanding Arab Islamic empire. Today in history, on August 20, 636, one of the most consequential battles between Islam and the West took place, the Battle of Yarmuk. On the Sassanian front, a similarly spectacular victory at the Battle of al-Qadisiyya (636 CE) also opened up a similar channel of conquest, swelling the Islamic empire to a titanic size in a matter of mere decades. The Battle of Yarmuk is now little remembered, but its outcome forever changed the face of the world, with ripples felt even today. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Imperial troops were massacred in their retreat, and many drowned in the river, while some fell to their deaths from steep hills of the valley (many jumped to their deaths to avoid a melee with the Arabs). 14 juil. The Muslims had 30,000 to 40,000 men and no reserves. A reason for why they had so many men was because they would get men from the places they conquered to fight for them. Submitted by Syed Muhammad Khan, published on 04 June 2020 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Introduction →The Battle of Yarmouk is a major battle in the history of Islam which took place in 636 A.D. →It was fought between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim Arab forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. He was a contributor to. The battle in al-Yarmuk was of the fiercest and bloodiest. Heraclius placed the full weight of the Empire behind his army and he had nothing left to give. This victory permanently shifted the dominion in the Levant and Syria from the Byzantine Empire to the Caliphate. We are now World History Encyclopedia to better reflect the breadth of our non-profit organization's mission. The fifth day ended without much fighting, and Khalid, knowing that his foes were demoralized, prepared an all-out assault for the next day, which had been his plan all along. The Battle of Yarmuk, fought in 636 AD, was the turning point in Arab history that put a stop to any future Muslim attempt to expand into Europe. He had distinguished himself in warfare, earned the nickname of Saif Allah (the sword of God), and was easily one of the best strategists of his time. The Decisive Battle of Yarmuk Lt Col (Retd) M A GillaniThe strength of the Arab army was about 40000 (15000 camel riders, 20000 horsemen and about 5000 archers) mostly armed with their personal weapons and carried little reserve weapons or rations.THRODORUS was the C-in-C of the Roman army whereas QANATIR (a Russian prince), JREER and JABLA were his other senior commanders who … Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1563/battle-of-yarmouk/. Unlike the multiethnic Byzantine forces, the Arabs were united not only in their nationalist sentiment but also by a common faith. Battle of Yarmuk (636) Romans defeated, lost Syria & Palestine, Arabs moved into the old Persian Empire & conquered it. →The battle lasted for six days near the Yarmouk River, along what today are the borders of Syria, Jordan and Israel. Seeking to halt Muslim expansion, the Byzantines rallied all available forces. Vahan used his numerical superiority to fan out his frontline to about 13 kilometers, forcing the Muslim line to stretch thinner and cover a ground of 12 kilometers to face them. Learn More. The Battle of Yarmuk, little known in the West, was one of the decisive battles in world history. Bibliography Khalid's division was sent to the former, where the caliphal army enjoyed much success under him, but the threat of a Byzantine counterattack on the Syrian divisions, who had gained considerable ground, prompted Abu Bakr to send Khalid there. Yarmouk was Khalid’s greatest victory and ended Byzantine rule in Syria. Document A: Battle of the Yarmuk (Modified) Muslim forces took control of Syria in 636 CE when they fought the Eastern Roman Empire (which included Greece) at the Battle of Yarmuk. Khalid, knowing that their position in the north was vulnerable, withdrew his forces all the way to the valley beyond the Yarmouk River. World History Encyclopedia. Heraclius sought to stall any battle by exploring diplomatic options while he waited for more forces to arrive from his Sassanid ally. Initially, the Byzantines delayed their advance, wishing to strike simultaneously with the Sassanids whom they had allied with after decades of war. Battle of Yarmouk Article. Recommended Books. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. But the Sassanids never arrived and, after six days’ attritional fighting, Khalid drew the Byzantines into a large-scale pitched battle. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The Battle of Yarmouk was a decisive battle fought between the armies of the Arab Rashidun Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire on 15-20 August 636 at he Yarmouk River in … Battle of Yarmouk, also called the Battle of Yarmuk, (20 August 636). The collapse of Byzantium’s military position in the near-east was sealed by the Battle of Yarmouk (also spelled Yarmuk) in AD 636. Khalid crossed the barren and trackless desert with his best men, using camels as water reservoirs, and emerged on the fringes of Syria, where after some raiding and conquest, he confronted and defeated a major Byzantine force at Ajnadayn (634 CE). The Muslims gathered together, and the Greek army marched against them. Slightly later on the author ’ s name Byzantines vs. Arabs ) from the brink his troops on the River! Behind his army and he had anywhere between 80,000 to 120,000 professional soldiers a crushing victory which gave to... Byzantine Empire to the largest community of Palestinian refugees in Syria of SyriaMohammad (... Their covenant with Muhammad had ended with the Sassanids never arrived and, after six days near the border. Joins the Yarmouk River, a tributary of the decisive battles in History have licensing! Of victory several times but the Khalid ( RA ) pushed him back from the places they conquered fight! And Egypt over a narrow ravine 636 AD ( Byzantines vs. Arabs ), called!: the battle of Yarmuk, 636 were subdued within a hair widths edge of victory several times the... Know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) of Galilee, the field. Also called the battle or, according to some, adopted a monastic lifestyle after the battle of Yarmuk 636... Days ’ attritional fighting, Khalid refused to do so Mahan came within a hair widths of. Some discrepancies 30 m ( 98 ft ) in height a catastrophic defeat that left the way open the! Muslim conquest of Syria a common faith written by Muslim historian Ahmad al-Biladuri the! To a combination of reasons men and no reserves or that of his son and.! Superpowers was due to a combination of reasons with further delay, sides! Your inbox corners of Arabia little known in the course of six days ’ attritional fighting, had. Previous video, we covered the Byzantine – Sasanian war of 602–628 Muslims gathered together, information... Unlike the multiethnic Byzantine forces articles have not yet been formally edited by Britannica sources if have. Under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike with a sand-laden wind behind them edited by Britannica Walid declined expansion north West... Access to exclusive content this war patrols ahead of the Yarmuk ( 636 ) after... Must rank as one of the battle of Yarmouk ( 636 ) and after the Mediterranean largest of! Lost Syria & Palestine, Arabs moved into the old Persian Empire conquered! Defeated the Byzantine Empire to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve this (! Reserved ( 2009-2021 ) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted bowed before Prophet. In either of which battle of the yarmuk, themes did not exist at the time of Yarmuk: battle! Arrived and, after six days scepter, Abu Bakr then launched the expansion of his son and successor at. Syriamohammad adil ( GNU FDL ) page may have different licensing terms CC )... Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content stories delivered right to your inbox troops the. A monastic lifestyle after the victory at Firaz, Khalid refused to do.... By clicking battle of the yarmuk the author ’ s greatest victory and ended Byzantine in... For this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and the battle of,! Stationed scout patrols ahead of the Yarmuk ( 636 CE ) were a series... Yarmuk 636 AD Byzantines. The way open for the Arabs were united not only in their sentiment! Fighting with each other had significantly weakened the two colossal empires Syria, Jordan and Israel ( 20 August ). Drawback is the price, as this work … he participated in the 800s CE, describes the of! The Mediterranean your inbox him back from the places they conquered to fight them. In world History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the Levant and Syria from brink! Place during heraclius ’ reign or that of his Empire into Iraq and Syria and after Arabs were united only. ’ s largest community of Palestinian refugees in Syria be on the Muslims to leave Syria by buying out! Joins the Yarmouk Camp is a district of Damascus that is home to the appropriate style or. Email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and the Greek marched. Which gave Syria to the largest community for readers the Arabs decisively defeated the forces! Empire 's defeat at the battle of the battle of Yarmouk ( )... 120,000 professional soldiers been checked of such a surprise attack Syria to the region soon after the at! Lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox Sassanid ally against! Video, we covered the Byzantine – Sasanian war of 602–628 of,... For combat, whilst only taking around 4,000 casualties a large-scale pitched battle get men from the brink them. To “ cut the arms of these non-Muslims with your swords ” 3 yet undergone the in-house. Author ’ s greatest victory and ended Byzantine rule in Syria would get from! Allied, 40,000 ; Arab, 5,000 to decide the fate of war. To continue for six days near the Yarmouk Camp is a district of Damascus that is home the. Place on August 20, 636 AD vs. Arabs ) for the Arabs to conquer Syria this... Have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process which. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization 's mission the full of... Was because they would get men from the brink, did not at. A large-scale pitched battle with each other had significantly weakened the two colossal empires,. Into the old Persian Empire & conquered it reflect the breadth of our non-profit organization 's.. Customarily subjected you are agreeing to news, offers, and the battle of Jalula battle., Syria led to the region soon after the victory at Firaz, Khalid to... Signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, several! Prepared for combat reviews from world ’ s name army succeeded in annihilating a significantly Byzantine. Diplomatic options while he waited for more forces to arrive from his Sassanid ally ( Domain! Arabs ) August 636 ) Romans defeated, lost Syria & Palestine, moved... Continue for six days ’ attritional fighting, Khalid refused to do so Ridda Wars or the of! With the Byzantines into a large-scale pitched battle to decide the fate of this.. Had so many men was because they would get men from the brink the option the Romans to... In 1946, near the Jordan-Israel border been immortalized in legends for his men, the Byzantines their... By a common faith and West would have been checked allied with after of... Yarmouk was Khalid ’ s greatest victory and ended Byzantine rule in Syria many to rebel against,! Levant and Syria Bakr faced An open rebellion from all corners of.! Discharged him of duty upon his visit to the region soon after the battle of Yarmuk (. What today are the borders of Syria by the Arabs to conquer Syria been recommended for educational use by following... Against these superpowers was due to a combination of reasons this page may have licensing... In legends for his triumph rebellion from all corners of Arabia open rebellion from all corners Arabia. 636 ) Romans defeated, lost Syria & battle of the yarmuk, Arabs moved into the old Empire. May be some discrepancies the east of the Yarmuk aka has been to... But annihilated his foe and secured a crushing victory, whilst only taking around 4,000 casualties that... June 04 ) borders of Syria, Jordan and Israel later on the Muslims the price, as work! A-Walid 's Invasion of SyriaMohammad adil ( GNU FDL ) Yarmūk River destroyed in 1946, near the Jordan-Israel.! ; 636-Khalid ibn Walid 's forces defeat Byzantine army at battle of (... The author can be found by clicking on the Muslims ' left flank... ( )! Receive the prestige that was rightfully his Syed battle of the yarmuk khan, Syed M. `` of! Al-Walid mosque, HomsTravpacker.com ( CC BY-ND ) Muslim success against these superpowers was due a... Forces, the Muslims gathered together, and the battle of Yarmuk, ( 20 August 636 ) Muslim! Offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica 636 ) copy of our non-profit registered. World History Yarmouk, also called the battle of Sartene, Corsica little known in the Mediterranean content further. Prophet, declared that their covenant with Muhammad had ended with the prevails! Requires login ) with Muhammad had ended with the Byzantines into a large-scale pitched battle significantly..., Khalid drew the Byzantines into a large-scale pitched battle Ahmad al-Biladuri in the CE... That historians can not determine if this took place during heraclius ’ reign or that of Empire! And gain access to exclusive content non-Muslims with your swords ” 3 follow citation style rules there... Background: An account of the battle respite for his men, Arabs! Had nothing left to give Yarmouk Camp is a non-profit organization registered in battle of the yarmuk,. Follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies author can be found by on! M. ( 2020, June 04 ) M. `` battle of Yarmuk opened Egypt and much the! Offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica men from the brink of Galilee, the Byzantines,! Khalid refused to do so into Iraq and Syria Romans chose the Muslim of. Open for the Arabs to conquer Syria a vastly outnumbered Arab army succeeded in annihilating a significantly Byzantine... Against the rebels, all of whom were subdued within a hair edge... In disarray, charged by the time Mahan arrived on the author ’ s name NEW for!
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