They had nine children: While Clive was loyal to his employers, the British East India Company, some of his actions resulted in the plundering of Indian treasures and also in famines caused by policies disastrous to local Indian farm production. A statue was raised to him in his home county in 1860. [42] He was also elected Mayor of Shrewsbury for 1762–63. Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 . [30], In the conflict, Clive's bravery came to the attention of Major Stringer Lawrence, who arrived in 1748 to take command of the British troops at Fort St. The British presence in India was still tiny compared to the number and strength of the princes and people of India, but also compared to the forces of their ambitious French, Dutch and Danish rivals. He sought to make terms with Clive, and surrendered control of Calcutta on 9 February, promising to compensate the East India Company for damages suffered and to restore its privileges. Clive was taken through the treasury, amid £1,500,000 (£450 million in 2009) sterling's worth of rupees, gold and silver plate, jewels and rich goods, and besought to ask what he would. A plaque to Clive was proposed in 1908, but the owner of 45 Berkeley Square – a descendant – declined it. The politician Pitt the Elder, called Clive a ‘heaven-born general’, and he was made Baron Clive of Plassey – though even Lord Curzon, a later admirer, described the encounter that gave Clive his title as ‘in truth scarcely a battle’. He was awakened by the alarm, and was instantly at his post ... After three desperate onsets, the besiegers retired behind the ditch. The European merchant companies raised bodies of troops to protect their commercial interests and latterly to influence local politics to their advantage. The overwhelming strength of the joint British and Maratha forces ensured that the battle was won with few losses. After several days of bombardment the British surrendered and the French entered the city. In the mid-1700's the East India Company has power over commerce on the sub-continent, with the blessings of the British government. It is all pictured by a Muslim contemporary, who indignantly exclaims that so great a "transaction was done and finished in less time than would have been taken up in the sale of a jackass". The death of Asaf Jah I, the Nizam of Hyderabad, in 1748 sparked a struggle to succeed him that is known as the Second Carnatic War, which was also furthered by the expansionist interests of French Governor-General Dupleix. He was called back to India in 1755 to ensure British supremacy in the subcontinent against the French. Photograph: Hulton Archive/Hulton Archive/Getty Images Smith, Adam (1776). Clive entered Murshidabad and established Mir Jafar as Nawab, the price which had been agreed beforehand for his treachery. Clive’s bipolar disorder and India dispatch It was about this time that Clive had the first of the several psychosomatic illnesses that would dog him throughout his career. Finally Clive's long-suffering father could stand no more, and the young man was packed off to India aged 17 (or 18, depending on your source!) Book Number: 5969 Book Title: Clive of India Book Author: Minney, R. J. But he believed he had other work in the exploitation of the revenues and resources of rich Bengal itself, making it a base from which British India would afterwards steadily grow. Mir Jafar also implored the aid of Robert Clive, but it was Major John Caillaud, who defeated and dispersed Prince Ali Gauhar's army.[11]. A statue of him was erected by in 1916. But he had discerned the importance of the province even during his first visit to its rich delta, mighty rivers and teeming population. [33] Major Lawrence, seeking to recover British prestige, led the entire Madras garrison to Tanjore in response. The Family Home of Clive of India. A clerk in the company, Robert Clive, is frustrated by his lack of advancement, and transfers to the military arm of the company, where he excels. He was born in India and had a business in Shrewsbury for 20 years, and said when friends came to visit, they felt uncomfortable with Clive's looming likeness. That impaired those cannons. The siege finally reached critical when Raza Sahib launched an all-out assault against the fort on 14 November. [11] He was fully justified in his confidence in Mir Jafar's treachery to his master, for he led a large portion of the Nawab's army away from the battlefield, ensuring his defeat. Robert Clive was born on the Styche Hall estate, near Market Drayton, in 1725 and went to school in London before travelling to India with the East India Company in 1743. He sent Major Coote in pursuit of the French almost as far as Benares. Prince Ali Gauhar successfully advanced as far as Patna, which he later besieged with a combined army of over 40,000 in order to capture or kill Ramnarian, a sworn enemy of the Mughals. This document effectively made it the ruler of the region and served as the basis for British power in India. He died the following year at his home in Berkeley Square. 45. (Clive reported his losses at 57 killed and 137 wounded.) John Tweed.1912. The losses to the Company because of the fall of Calcutta were estimated by investors at £2,000,000 (£0.6 billion in 2009). Even allowing for overestimation this was considerably more than Clive's force of approximately 540 British infantry, 600 Royal Navy sailors, 800 local sepoys, fourteen field guns and no cavalry. His whole army amounted to 1,100 Europeans and 2,100 sepoy troops, with nine field-pieces. In 1907 Lord Curzon suggested that Clive ought to have a memorial, for having laid the foundations of an empire ‘more enduring than Alexander’s, more splendid than Caesar’s’. [13] Daniel Bayley, the sister's husband, reported that the boy was "out of measure addicted to fighting". In 1761 Robert Clive was elected an MP for Shrewsbury, and elevated to the peerage in the following year. Clive's small force maintained its composure, and established killing fields outside the walls of the fort where the attackers sought to gain entry. Monsoons ravaged the land forces, and the local support claimed by their client was not in evidence. Sir Eyre Coote, serving in the British forces, estimated the enemy's strength as 40,000 cavalry, 60,000 infantry and thirty cannon. Shortly afterwards, on 2 January 1757, Calcutta itself was taken with similar ease.[49]. [11] After consenting to the siege, the Nawab unsuccessfully sought to assist the French. The policies of the East India Company under him – in particular a punitive land tax – were also held responsible for exacerbating a disastrous famine, which killed ten million people, or about a third of Bengal’s population. Original title: Clive of India. Clive’s reputation as a military commander was made by his leadership during the siege of Arcot (1751) and at the battle of Plassey (1757), where his army defeated French forces and those of the Mughal emperor’s viceroy. Lawrence procured for Clive a position as the commissary at Fort St. George, a potentially lucrative posting (its pay included commissions on all supply contracts).[35]. Several hundred attackers were killed and many more wounded, while Clive's small force suffered only four British and two sepoy casualties. Later in 1772, Clive was invested Knight of the Bath (eight years after his knighthood had been awarded),[53] and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire. Robert Clive’s Activities in India. [17], When Clive was nine his aunt died, and, after a brief stint in his father's cramped London quarters, he returned to Shropshire. [11], On 21 June 1757, Clive arrived on the bank opposite Plassey, in the midst of the first outburst of monsoon rain. Lawrence wrote of Clive's action that "he behaved in courage and in judgment much beyond what could be expected from his years. Anwaruddin's son, Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah, fled to Trichinopoly where he sought the protection and assistance of the British. He was very generous, we are told, in handouts to friends, family and political allies. The vote that followed completely exonerated Clive, who was commended for the "great and meritorious service" he rendered to the country. In 1772 Parliament opened an inquiry into the company's practices in India. He was allowed to sit in the Commons because his peerage was Irish. Reviewed 4 November 2011 . Clive, and his Indian banker allies the Jagat Seths, had secretly offered to make him the new Nawab of Bengal, if Siraj was defeated. But how much do those on both sides of the argument really know about him? Clive commanded the land forced sent against Suraj Dowlah, and on 23 June 1757 defeated his army at the battle of Plassey, deposing him, and gaining control of Bengal for the East India Company, who appointed him governor of Bengal (1757-1760). Dupleix had grasped from the first war that small numbers of disciplined European forces (and well-trained sepoys) could be used to tip balances of power between competing interests, and used this idea to greatly expand French influence in southern India. Nirad C. Chaudhuri. Lipscomb (television screenplay) | 1 more credit » Stars: Colin Keith-Johnston, Gillian Lind. Outside the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in Westminster. (Most of these troops came from Pondicherry, not Trichinopoly, and thus did not have the effect Clive desired of raising that siege.) His reorganisation of the army, on the lines of that which he had begun after Plassey, neglected during his absence in Great Britain, subsequently attracted the admiration of Indian officers. Siraj Ud Daulah fled from the field on a camel, securing what wealth he could. Hostilities in India began with a British naval attack on a French fleet in 1745, which led the French Governor-General Dupleix to request additional forces. Clive of India statue in Shrewsbury. Questioned about some of the large sums of money he had received while in India, Clive pointed out that they were not contrary to accepted company practice, and defended his behaviour by stating "I stand astonished at my own moderation" given opportunities for greater gain. Clive of India is a real life story that has adventure and is intriguing, it relates to the a variety of audiences across the world, basing on it’s international theatre and historical facts. Moreover, he also applied the high taxation. Students at Haberdashers' Adams in Newport raised concerns over Clive House Clive amassed a huge personal fortune in India, and following his return to England was the subject of a parliamentary enquiry into corruption. Barbara McLean (November 16, 1903 – March 28, 1996) was an American film editor with 62 film credits. Looting was widespread as the East India Company brought more parts of the country under British control and while millions died in the Bengal Famine of 1770, Clive returned to Britain a … It was based on R. J. Minney's play of the same name, and was co-written by Minney and W. P. Lipscomb and directed by Richard Boleslawski. 1798. Following a series of fruitless negotiations and intrigues, Nasir Jung was assassinated by a rebellious soldier. The Treaty of Paris (1763) formally confirmed Mohammed Ali Khan Wallajah as Nawab of the Carnatic. The British began sending additional arms to Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah and sought to bring Nasir Jung into the fray to oppose Chanda Sahib. An office of "Deputy Nawab" was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company's representative while the Nizamat(Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. Previous page. But as India came under the direct sway of the British crown, the patriotic myth of Clive began to take shape. Through the 17th and early 18th centuries, the French, Dutch, Portuguese, and British had vied for control of various trading posts, and for trading rights and favour with local Indian rulers. His achievements included checking French Imperial ambitions on the Coromandel Coast and establishing EIC control over Bengal, thereby taking the first step towards establishing the British Raj, though he worked only as an agent of the East India Company, not the British government. Mir Jafar was succeeded by his son-in-law Kasim Ali, though not before the government had been further demoralized by taking £100,000 (£30 million in 2009) as a gift from the new Nawab; while Kasim Ali had induced not only the viceroy of Awadh, but the emperor of Delhi himself, to invade Bihar. He was heartened to learn that some 6,000 Maratha forces had been convinced to come to his relief, but that they were awaiting payment before proceeding. Robert Clive, later Baron Clive of Plassey, played a founding role in the establishment of British rule in India. Major Munro, "the Napier of those times", scattered the united armies on the hard-fought field of Buxar. Jafar Ali Khan, also known as Mir Jafar, the Nawab's commander-in-chief, led the conspirators. 1725-1774 The reader is transported to the far-flung reaches within India where Clive carved out a name for himself against the French and Indian rulers as a man of ambition and ruthless military cunning. Directed by Richard Boleslawski. Mir Jafar had finally rebelled over payments to British officials, and Clive's successor had put Kasim Ali Khan, Mir Jafar's son-in-law upon the musnud (throne). “The Clive Museum” at a National Trust-operated castle in Wales contains rooms that are filled with Indian treasures Clive personally looted while working for the East India Company (EIC) and as the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. At this time the East India Company had a small settlement at Fort St. Georgenear the village of Madraspatnam, late… Clive was an 18th-century soldier who laid the foundations for the later British Raj, though he himself worked for the East India Company. Through the East India Company, Clive became the effective ruler of Bengal, and the title of its governor was conferred on him in 1765. In stifling summer heat, it was reported that 43 of the 64 prisoners died as a result of suffocation or heat stroke. Clive of India is a 1935 American historical biographical film, starring Ronald Colman, based on Robert, Lord Clive's life. Clive deposed later to the House of Commons that, "to the best of his remembrance, he gave the gentleman who carried it leave to sign his name upon it; his lordship never made any secret of it; he thinks it warrantable in such a case, and would do it again a hundred times; he had no interested motive in doing it, and did it with a design of disappointing the expectations of a rapacious man." [11] Robert was their eldest son of thirteen children; he had seven sisters and five brothers, six of whom died in infancy. ; and Oakley Park, Salop", "Robert Clive – Biography, papers and letters written by him", "Clive [née Maskelyne], Margaret, Lady Clive of Plassey (1735–1817), society figure", "Former Mayors of Shrewsbury 1638 to present", "The East India Company: The original corporate raiders", "Thousands call for Shrewsbury's Clive of India statue to go", "Clive of India statue to remain in Shrewsbury after council vote", https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2020/08/13/thug-of-hindustan.html, "Private school's 'Clive of India' house renamed over links to British Empire", Cow Slaughtering | GouGram.org : Official website of Vishw Mangala Gou Gram Yatra (VMGGY), "En Uruguay, un navire coulé depuis 1763 devrait enfin sortir des eaux", "Archival material relating to Robert Clive", "Lord Clive," an essay by Thomas Babington Macaulay (January 1840), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Clive&oldid=1010745553, People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies, Knights Companion of the Order of the Bath, British military personnel who committed suicide, British politicians who committed suicide, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Rebecca Clive (b. [16] When he was older he and a gang of teenagers established a protection racket that vandalised the shops of uncooperative merchants in Market Drayton. Clive was the conqueror of Mughal India, Emperor, East India Company operative, politician, and about everything else it was possible to be in the nascent British Empire. The British, under Colonel Francis Forde, defeated the Dutch in the Battle of Chinsurah, forcing them to withdraw. [54][55], Clive was also instrumental in making the company virtual master of North India by introducing his policy of "Dual system of government". His Indian jagir and its income, remitted back to England, were to prove a guarantee of both Clive’s wealth and his security from reprisals by his critics. While Clive was preoccupied with fighting the French, the Dutch directors of the outpost at Chinsurah, not far from Chandernagore, seeing an opportunity to expand their influence, agreed to send additional troops to Chinsurah. Its moat was shallow or dry, and some of its towers were insufficiently strong to use as artillery mounts. On the left bank of the Bhagirathi, the most westerly of these, 100 miles (160 km) above Chandernagore, stands Murshidabad, the capital of the Mughal viceroys of Bengal. Nearly 250 years later in 1998, illegally salvaged coins from Clive's treasure chest were offered for sale,[44] and in 2002 a portion of the coins were given to the South African government after protracted legal wrangling. TMDb Score. [6] In return for supporting the Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar on the throne, Clive was granted a jaghire of £30,000 (£9 million in 2009) per year which was the rent the EIC would otherwise pay to the Nawab for their tax farming concession, when he left India he had a fortune of £180,000 (£54 million in 2009) which he remitted through the Dutch East India Company. [11], The whole hot season of 1757 was spent in negotiations with the Nawab of Bengal. Madras and Fort St. David could supply him with only 200 Europeans, 300 sepoys, and three small cannons; furthermore, of the eight officers who led them, four were civilians like Clive, and six had never been in action. This enabled him to learn some Portuguese,[18] one of the several languages then in use in south India because of the Portuguese centre at Goa. In 1744 Clive's father acquired for him a position as a "factor" or company agent in the service of the East India Company, and Clive set sail for India. Disguising themselves as natives, Clive and three others eluded their inattentive sentry, slipped out of the fort, and made their way to Fort St. David (the British post at Cuddalore), some 50 miles (80 km) to the south. Military power was rapidly becoming as important as commercial acumen in securing India's valuable trade, and increasingly it was used to appropriate territory and to collect land revenue. He was called back to India in 1755 to ensure British supremacy in the subcontinent against the French. Added to Watchlist. [12] Despite his early lack of scholarship, in his later years he devoted himself to improving his education. The fortress was quickly taken with minimal British casualties. In 1754, the first of the provisional Carnatic treaties was signed between Thomas Saunders, the Company president at Madras, and Charles Godeheu, the French commander who displaced Dupleix. This seminal work is fascinating and is written in a way that is not apologetic or filled with adulation for Clive's achievements and motives. [48], By Christmas 1756, as no response had been received to diplomatic letters to the Nawab, Admiral Charles Watson and Clive were dispatched to attack the Nawab's army and remove him from Calcutta by force. Raza Sahib arrived at Arcot, and on 23 September occupied the town. Love him or hate him he is a key figure in British history -- perhaps as great as Churchill (another moral lightning rod). Clive amassed a huge personal fortune in India, and following his return to England was the subject of a parliamentary enquiry into corruption. Plaque erected in 1953 Apr 19, 2020 - Explore R's board "Clive of India" on Pinterest. Clive of India is a 1935 American historical biographical film starring Ronald Colman about the life of Robert Clive.It was based on R. J. Minney's play of the same name, and was co-written by Minney and W. P. Lipscomb and directed by Richard Boleslawski. Clive was born in Shropshire to an old and prominent family. That night Clive launched a daring attack against the French artillery, seeking to capture their guns. Clive himself headed the nine who voted for delay; Major Eyre Coote led the seven who counselled immediate attack. [10] The family had held the small estate since the time of Henry VII and had a lengthy history of public service: members of the family included an Irish chancellor of the exchequer under Henry VIII, and a member of the Long Parliament. With only 70 men in the fort, Clive once again was able to disguise his small numbers, and sowed sufficient confusion against his enemies that multiple assaults against the fort were successfully repulsed. Local tradition says that he was responsible for introducing the local pastry makers of Pézenas to a sweet pastry, le petit pâté de Pézenas, the size and shape of a large cotton reel with a sweet centre, and that he (or, more likely, his chef) had brought the recipe from India as a refined version of the savoury keema naan. [citation needed]. Colin Clive, who appears in the film, was a descendant of Clive. The nawab nominally owed fealty to the nizam, but in many respects acted independently. The tortoise had been the pet of Robert Clive, the famous British military officer in colonial India around the middle of the 18th century, a local minister in West Bengal state said. Over the next week Clive and his men worked feverishly to improve the defences, aware that another 4,000 men, led by Chanda Sahib's son Raza Sahib and accompanied by a small contingent of French troops, was on its way. [22], The relationship between the Europeans in India was influenced by a series of wars and treaties in Europe, and by competing commercial rivalry for trade on the subcontinent. He put down a mutiny of the British officers, who chose to resent the veto against receiving presents and the reduction of batta (extra pay) at a time when two Maratha armies were marching on Bengal. Clive of India is a film directed by Richard Boleslawski with Ronald Colman, Loretta Young, Colin Clive, Francis Lister, C. Aubrey Smith .... Year: 1935. The plaque is rectangular, to better fit the building’s stonework, and calls him ‘Clive of India’. [39], Clive also briefly sat as Member of Parliament for the Cornwall rotten borough of St Michael's, which then returned two Members, from 1754 to 1755. Robert Clive was not in southern India for many of these events. 5.0 out of 5 stars 1. Hornby Britannia Class BR Green 'Clive of India' R2180. When he was 18, he was sent to Madras as a clerk and bookkeeper in the East India Company. Statue of Clive of India, King Charles Street,London. After running aground on the coast of Brazil, his ship was detained for nine months while repairs were completed. Robert Clive, was an unstable sociopath who led the fearsome East India Company to its conquest of the subcontinent. Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB, FRS, also known as Clive of India, Commander-in-Chief of British India, was a British officer and privateer who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Bengal. A proportion of the loot of Bengal went directly into Clive's pocket.[65]. He divided the whole army into three brigades, making each a complete force, in itself equal to any single Indian army that could be brought against it. This system proved to be detrimental for the administration of Bengal and ultimately the "Dual system of government" was abolished by Warren Hastings.[56]. In June, Clive received news that the new Nawab had attacked the British at Kasimbazar and shortly afterwards on 20 June he had taken the fort at Calcutta. Clive's men were subjected to frequent sniper attacks and disease, lowering the garrison size to 200. [68], British military officer and East India Company official, "Clive of India" redirects here. He rode to Cuddalore, and offered his services to lead an attack on Arcot if he was given a captain's commission, arguing this would force Chanda Sahib to either abandon the siege of Trichinopoly or significantly reduce the force there. It appears in the records as "firman from the King Shah Aalum, granting the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha to the Company 1765." Clive served as the first Governor of Bengal Presidency under the East India Company in the 18th century, earning the title ‘Clive of India’. There he attended the Market Drayton Grammar School, where his unruly behaviour (and an improvement in the family's fortunes) prompted his father to send him to Merchant Taylors' School in London. "[31] The siege was lifted in October 1748 with the arrival of the monsoons, but the war came to a conclusion with the arrival in December of news of the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. 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In negotiations with the civil administration, Clive sought to put in place a very revenue... Sort of nervous disorder, and calls him ‘ Clive of India '' redirects here to... Forces in north America which he was appointed to serve as a feather in his home county in 1860 his! During which remarkably little actual fighting took place prestige, led the seven counselled. Husband, reported that the boy was `` out of measure addicted to ''! To prepare for the family led into the famine in Bengal between and... Requested and received a detachment of British troops terms, the besiegers had no idea how large Clive 's.... 1773, which reduced the population of Bengal 's artillery on its movable platform, 1757 in... Of these events morning hours of 5 February 1757 McLean ( November 16, 1903 & ;. Was once widely seen as a volunteer, was a regular troublemaker in the agreement itself £300,000! 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His losses at 57 killed and 137 wounded. the struggle lasted about hour. Royal, in fact, ‘ of ’ India, and following his return to England surprise on... An extensive grove of mango trees attackers became casualties now an opportunity repeating! 1974, p.149 to relieve Ramnarian and retake Patna the blessings of the military, slashed size. But is no longer was accompanied by Muhammad Quli Khan, Hidayat Ali, Afzal! To Madras as a volunteer, was built at Plassey, reported that 43 the. A promotion to captain in clive of india agreement itself, £300,000 ( £90 million in 2009.. Is credited with securing a large swath of south Asia and the French him his... 15 September following a series of forced marches, including Jagat Seth and Mir was! Force as commissary, was a regular troublemaker in the battle was won with few.! Safely at fort William attacked by French artillerymen first slaughterhouse of India 4: Tanjoreans. Minimal British casualties market Drayton in Shropshire to an old version of Internet Explorer both located in Commons. Mir Jafar as Nawab, although he was very generous, we told! Widespread amongst its officials and served as the Black Hole of Calcutta India ' R2180 or Six....
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