(Photo: Cornwall Historical Society) On Sept. 19, 1864, casualties from the Heavies were taken to the Taylor Hotel, not exactly a pleasant prospect for the building landlord, “Strange to say,” a private in the regiment noted, “[he] did not seem to … Additionally, Colonel Thomas Munford's cavalry at the Star Fort slowed the advancing Union horsemen. For much of the early fall of 1864, Sheridan and Early had cautiously engaged in minor skirmishes while each side tested the other's strength. By late morning, divisions under Major Generals Robert E. Rodes and John B. Gordon joined Ramseur's men. Hayes wrote, "to stop was death. Further to the left, the reserve division of the Sixth Corps, under Brigadier General David A. Russell, advanced to meet the attack. Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah was much larger with three infantry corps and three powerful cavalry divisions for a total of 39,000 officers and men. The wounded were treated in a variety of field hospitals until better facilities were established. American Battlefield Trust’s map of the trails at Third Winchester Battlefield. Instantly after reportedly shouting, "Charge them boys! WITH RICH FARMLAND THAT EARNED IT THE NAME "THE BREADBASKET OF the Confederacy" Virginia's Shenandoah Valley formed a natural travel corridor for the Union and Confederate armies in the Civil War. Download Files. The veterans took position in woodlots (the eastern of which was soon to be known as the Second Woods) and amp slight ridges, guarding their flanks with artillery and cavalry. In June, several battles - including the Second Battle of Winchester (June 13 - 15) - cleared the Valley of the small Union presence and allowed Lee to move stealthily northward into Pennsylvania, a move that culminated in the Battle of Gettysburg. A Confederate cavalry force was beaten at Tom's Brook, but on October 19 Early struck back one last time and nearly defeated the Army of the Shenandoah at Cedar Creek. Early's forces comprised the veteran Second Corps and 4,000 cavalry. Winchester, Virginia and its environs at the mouth of the Valley were often frequented by these armies. He advanced down the Valley (in the Shenandoah, traveling north was "down" while south was "up") and, overcoming a Union force at the Battle of Monocacy, reached the outskirts of Washington in mid-July. Unable to withstand the onslaught, the Georgians retreated. Realizing the armies were in a stalemate, Sheridan called for his reserves — Brigadier General George Crook's Army of West Virginia. A part of Ramseur's flank caved in as well. When the fighting at the Third Battle of Winchester or Opequon Creek, temporarily went against the Union, Emory believed that all was lost, but in the end the Union forces achieved victory. When Early got word of the impending attack, he raced to concentrate the rest of his army at the city. The dead and wounded were everywhere. One month later at Cedar Creek while Sheridan was away at Washington, however, Emory prophetically warned Wright and Crook that the army’s left flank was vulnerable to attack. The Sixth Corps was ordered to follow the Berryville Pike. Clogged with soldiers, wagon trains, and — soon enough — Union wounded, the canyon became a choke point for Sheridan's advance. His patience was rewarded on September 16. Battle's Alabama brigade, which plunged into a particularly weak point in the Union line Gordon's reformed men and the rest of Rodes's division joined the Alabamians and pushed the Union troops out of the woods and across the Middle Field. Local Trail Association. General Horatio Wright's Sixth Corps encountered heavy resistance when it finally exited the canyon. Charge them," Rodes was killed by an exploding shell. Sheridan moved to bring his army against Major General Stephen D. Ramseur's division (that portion of Early's force at Winchester). They included two future presidents, two senators, a state governor, and several military leaders. As Patton tried to rally his tattered brigade in a street he received a wound in the leg. In addition to severely embarrassing Union officers, Jackson's Valley Campaign engaged Federal troops that otherwise could have been used to assist General George McClellan in his assault on Richmond. Lee decided to send General Jubal Early to drive Hunter back to West Virginia, which he successfully accomplished on June 17. Third Battle of Winchester Frederick and Clarke Counties September 19, 1864 Outcome: Union Victory The Third Battle of Winchester was the largest and costliest battle ever fought in the Shenandoah Valley. The Third Battle of Winchester was fought on September 19, 1864, when Union General Philip Sheridan’s Army of the Shenandoah struck toward Winchester and the flank of Confederate General Jubal Early’s scattered Army of the Valley. Impressed with Sheridan's plan of attack, Grant headed back to his headquarters at City Point. The Battle of Opequon or Third Battle of Winchester, was fought in Winchester, Virginia, on September 19, 1864, during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War.. As Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Although the siege at Petersburg still bogged down the Army of the Potomac, General William T. Sherman's capture of Atlanta on September 2 revived Northern hopes. 17S E 747636 N 4342400. The battle was fought on September 19, 1864 near Winchester, Virginia, and Opequon Creek. Union victories in Georgia and in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley breathed new life into the Lincoln administration. Recognizing the danger, Grover tried in vain to halt and realign his troops, but the advance would not stop until it penetrated the Confederate position. Lincoln understood that the future of his administration and the future of the country both rested in the hands of his military commanders. The Third Battle of Winchester - or the Battle of Opequon, as it is sometimes called - occurred in four phases: Berryville Canyon (dawn to 11 a.m.), Red Bud Run and Middle Field (11:40 a.m. to 1 p.m.), Red Bud Run and Hackwood Farm (late afternoon), and finally the action at Fort Collier and the Star Fort (dusk). Sheridan quickly changed his plan to attack the Confederates at Winchester instead of Newton. Despite the title, this blog has nothing to do with the Third Battle of Winchester. Your tax-deductible gift will help us to preserve this irreplaceable twice-hallowed ground at Gaines' Mill and Cold Harbor — forever. Grant ordered Sheridan to decisively drive the Confederates out of the Valley. By 4:30 a.m., the Union army encountered its first major hurdle of the day. When the last Confederates marched out of Winchester after twelve hours of fighting, they had begun the final Confederate retreat from the Valley. Early had made a tremendous error in believing that Sheridan was another overly cautious Union commander. Sign up to receive emails with our resources for educators to support their work – in the classroom and online. Seeing his men retreating and subject to intense rifle and artillery fire, "Old Bricktop" exclaimed "My God! 1864 was an election year for the Northern states. Third Battle of Winchester. Sign up to receive email updates about our Warrior Legacy programming for veterans, active duty military and their families. Grant was under political pressure from Washington to generate Union victories without taking major risks. The divisions of Gordon, Rodes, and Ramseur all fell back to positions closer to Winchester. The armies at Cedar Creek were smaller and the casualties included much … In her September 16 communication, Wright alerted Sheridan to this departure. Quick Description: Third Battle of Winchester, was fought in Winchester, Virginia, on September 19, 1864, during the Valley Campaigns of … Formed west of the canyon's exit, Ramseur's Confederates engaged the lead elements of Sheridan's army, slowing the passage of the rest of the Union troops. Please note that the locations and events listed on our itineraries do not reflect any potential closures due to COVID-19. Brigadier General Henry Birge, whose brigade advanced across the Middle Field, described the situation: "We...crossed this field under an artillery and infantry fire from the enemy in position in a belt of woods in front and extending to the right, and when within 200 yards charged with fixed bayonets at double quick. Rodes was killed instantly from an exploding shell. Lincoln's largest military force, the Army of the Potomac, was mired in a siege against Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia at Petersburg, Virginia. After a Union defeat at New Market on May 15, Grant replaced Sigel with General David Hunter. With reinforcements from two of Gordon's brigades, the Confederates countercharged and pushed the Federals back into the First Woods. Early was forced to leave the Valley and rejoin Lee near Petersburg. Early and his Army of the Valley on a campaign. Historian Scott Patchan, author of The Last Battle of Winchester, will tell the story of Union Gen. George Crook’s key mid-afternoon attack that broke the stalemate on the battlefield. At 11:40 a.m., cannon on the Federal line signaled for the second phase of battle to commence. In tandem with the charge of the Nineteenth Corps, the Sixth Corps advanced and Ramseur's left flank crumbled under the pressure. Located in the heart of the Shenandoah Valley three miles northeast of downtown Winchester, the beautiful Third Winchester Battlefield is a … Posted by: hhoke. In the meantime, Colonel Joseph Thoburn's division crossed the Middle Field for a frontal attack on Gordon. With this latest information, Sheridan met Grant in Charleston, West Virginia on the following day to discuss attacking the Confederates at Newton. On average it takes 7 minutes to complete this trail. Early later wrote about Winchester, "When I look back to this battle, I can but attribute my escape from utter annihilation to the incapacity of my opponent." If you aren't familiar with this location, one trailhead is located behind Millbrook High School. 30 p.m. and moved to attack on both sides of Red Bud Run. Crook's other division, under Colonel Isaac Duval, moved on the north side of Red Bud Run around the Confederate left flank. through the Shenandoah Valley — with the option of a possible raid on Washington, D.C. Lee hoped General Ulysses S. Grant would divide his Union army to meet the new threat. As the troops entered the woods I was ordered by Gen. Grover to halt and hold that position and not to go farther into the woods, but the charge was so rapid and impetuous and the men so much excited by the sight of the enemy in fill retreat before them that it was impossible to execute the order, and the whole line pressed forward to the extreme edge of the timber.". The battle was fought on September 19, 1864 near Winchester, Virginia, and Opequon Creek. Wright revealed that Early's army was "much smaller than represented." As Grant later explained his unusual visit, "I had reason to believe that the administration was a little afraid to have a decisive battle fought at that time, for fear it might go against us and have a bad effect on the November elections." The Third Battle of Winchester on September 19, 1864, the largest and bloodiest Civil War battle in the Shenandoah Valley, had great strategic significance both in the Valley and in the wider war. Known as the breadbasket of the Confederacy, the fertile farmlands of the Shenandoah Valley furnished a substantial amount of food to Southern soldiers and civilians. No description for Third Battle of Winchester (East) trail has been added yet! The First American President: Setting the Precedent, Help Save 110 Acres at Three Civil War Battlefields, Preserve 108 Acres of the Most Important Unprotected Battlefield Land, Kentuckians: Support Battlefield Preservation Legislation, Virginians: Support Battlefield Preservation Legislation. He made Philip Sheridan commander of the new Army of the Shenandoah and set him the task of rendering the Valley useless to Confederates. During the fighting at the Third Battle of Winchester, Gordon's Confederate troops formed around the Hackwood House and its outbuildings. If you aren't familiar with this location, one trailhead is located behind Millbrook High School. On September 18, Sheridan learned that Early had sent General Robert Rodes's and General John B. Gordon's divisions towards Martinsburg. This movement, along with difficult terrain, disconnected the brigades of the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps and rendered them vulnerable to counterattack Furthermore, the Union advance was subject to intense artillery fire the entire way — especially from a battery of horse artillery beyond the Union right flank One Confederate remembered, "Our cannoneers made their battery roar, sending their death-dealing messengers with a precision and constancy that made the earth around them seem to tremble ... A more murderous fire I never witnessed than was plunged into this heterogeneous mass.". The Battle of Opequon, more commonly known as the Third Battle of Winchester, was fought in Winchester, Virginia, on September 19, 1864, during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War.. As Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Learn More: The Battle of Third Winchester. Share. Early suffered fewer casualties but he … Sheridan lost 12 percent of his army with 5,000 of 39,000 soldiers killed, wounded and missing. … Sign up to receive emails with our resources for educators to support their work – in the classroom and online. After crossing Opequon Creek, the Berryville Road passes through the two-mile narrow Berryville Canyon. Significance: Opequon or Third Winchester (fought 19 September 1864) was the largest and most desperately contested battle of the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, resulting in more than 9,000 casualties. Crook's First Division, under Colonel Joseph Thoburn, moved into position in the First Woods. The Confederates were ready. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Winchester Wheelmen. "For thirty minutes the battle that ensued was perfectly terrific," recalled one participant, "but then the forces in our front gave way, and in an instant we were over their works, and after them with yells and shouts of victory." Troops and supplies moving through the Valley were screened from enemy view by concealing mountain ranges. Early mistook this limited action to mean that Sheridan was afraid to fight, and he left his army spread out from Martinsburg to Winchester. Grover's division alone suffered 1,500 casualties in less than one hour. The Third Battle of Winchester. However, forces were already at work to undermine Sheridan's plans. For the next two hours both sides exchanged long range fire. Touch for map. Sign up to receive email updates about our Warrior Legacy programming for veterans, active duty military and their families. The two-pronged assault forced Gordon to retreat to the main body of Confederates, which had formed into an L shape. Rodes launched a counterattack into the gap. In May, Union General Ulysses S. Grant ordered General Franz Sigel to disrupt communications in the Valley. View of the Red Bud Run at the Third Winchester Battlefield. Utilizing the Valley, Confederate troops could be sent directly into positions that threatened the Federal capital at Washington. Every purchase supports the mission. A favorite destination for Winchester area runners is the Third Battle of Winchester trail. Crook sent word to Sheridan that he would attack immediately, and requested that the entire Union line advance in support. Sheridan’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 1864 – March 1865 He used his cavalry to probe around the flanks of the Rebels. Touch … Fought just outside Winchester, Virginia, on September 19, 1864, during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. Many were later moved to the nearby Winchester National Cemetery or the Stonewall Cemetery. He hoped to quickly decimate Early's troops in detail. As dawn broke on September 19, Early's forces were arrayed north from Winchester. Initially, Sheridan moved cautiously, performing reconnaissance missions and creating espionage networks among local Unionists. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. But the attack continued, spearheaded by Brigadier General Cullen A. Believing that Sheridan would act like other cautious Union commanders, Early spread his smaller army over a wide front. The Confederates pushed on, determined to split Sheridan's army in two, and they might have done so but for reserve divisions of the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps moving up to blunt the Confederate attack. Union jubilation did not last long, however, as Confederate Generals Gordon and Rodes organized a swift and powerful counterattack into the disjointed Union commands. retreated behind Opequon Creek. Charge them!" Duval was shot in the thigh during the charge and future President Rutherford B. Hayes assumed command of the division. Russell's fate was similar to Rodes's — an exploding shell killed him instantly just as his attack got under way. Rifle fire by Confederates in the Second Woods, 600 yards away, and pounding artillery from Major James Breathed's six cannon created a deadly crossfire. The war was progressing slowly in the east as Grant's Army of the Potomac was mired in a stalemate with Lee's Army of Northern Virginia around Petersburg. Third Winchester was the largest and bloodiest battle ever fought in the Shenandoah Valley. The Third Battle of Winchester was fought on September 19, 1864, when Union General Philip Sheridan’s Army of the Shenandoah struck toward Winchester and the flank of Confederate General Jubal Early’s scattered Army of the Valley. The following is a letter from a staff officer of the Army of West Virginia detailing that command’s critical role in the Union victory at Opequon Cree on September 19, 1864. By mid-August, however, Lee decided to recall these reinforcements due to inaction in the Valley. Sheridan planned to attack up the Berryville Road towards Winchester, striking first General Stephen Ramseur's division, then the forces of Generals John C. Breckinridge, Rodes, and Gordon. Posts about Third Battle of Winchester written by Valley. Sheridan was given command of the Army of the Shenandoahand sent to the Shenandoah Valley to deal with Early's Confederate threat. Both armies had ample artillery in the field but, as usual, the Yankees had more cannon, more horses, and more artillerymen. At Winchester, Early's Army of the Valley consisted of four infantry divisions and two divisions of cavalry for a total of 14,000 soldiers. The Third Battle of Winchester - or the Battle of Opequon, as it is sometimes called - occurred in four phases: Berryville Canyon (dawn to 11 a.m.), Red Bud Run and Middle Field (11:40 a.m. to 1 p.m.), Red Bud Run and Hackwood Farm (late afternoon), and finally the action at Fort Collier and the Star Fort … The … The Third Battle of Winchester, fought here on September 19, 1864, was a proving ground for several men on both sides who shaped post-war America. The dead were buried where they fell. Grant, however, felt that the continual Confederate threat in the Shenandoah Valley needed to be neutralized despite the political ramifications of possible defeat. Soldiers of the Nineteenth Corps climbed along the sides of the hills and trampled over the wounded, seriously affecting their morale before even seeing the enemy, and delaying their arrival on the field. Grant had had enough of Confederates using the Valley to their advantage. Please note that the locations and events listed on our itineraries do not reflect any potential closures due to COVID-19. Early suffered fewer casualties but he lost 25 percent of his army. By 4:30 a.m., Sheridan's forces, advancing on the Berryville Pike through a narrow canyon, encountered their first hurdle of the day. In an effort to seize the initiative, Lee sent Lieutenant General Jubal A. Confronted by superior numbers and Washington's extensive fortifications, Early retired back to the safety of the Valley. During the Union advance, however, a gap developed between the two corps. 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