7. In 1574 he gave the church and the palace of Sant' Apollinare to the institution, and in 1580 united the Hungarian college with it. In Rome he built the magnificent Gregorian chapel in the church of St. Peter, and the Quirinal palace in 1580; a capacious granary in the Thermae of Diocletian in 1575, and fountains at the Piazza Navona, the Piazza del Pantheon, and the Piazza del Popolo. In a brief, dated 14 January, 1584, Gregory XIII ordered that the new martyrology should supersede all others. Their suppression was finally effected by his rigorous successor, Sixtus V. Gregory XIII was Counter-Reformation Pope, he had direct contact with many saints, including Charles Borromeo, Philip Neri, Ignatius Loyola, and indirect contact with St. Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross. At least twenty-three such institutions of learning owe their existence or survival to the munificence of Gregory XIII. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99... Born at Bologna, 7 Jan., 1502; died at Rome, 10 April, 1585. The committee was increased to thirty-five members (correctores Romani) by Pius V in 1566. In order to safeguard the Catholic religion in Germany, he instituted a special Congregation of Cardinals for German affairs, the so-called Congregatio Germanica, which lasted from 1573-1578. The first of these institutions that enjoyed the pope's liberality was the German College at Rome, which for lack of funds was in danger of being abandoned. He appointed committees of cardinals to investigate abuses among ecclesiastics and to draft the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (“Index of Forbidden Books”). Rome itself was filled with these outlaws, and the papal officers were always and everywhere in danger of life. Peter Khoat Van Tran, a well-known Italian Prelate (His Excellency Archbishop Arrigo Pintonello), Monsignor Carlo Taramasso and a distinguished layman that the white smoke was not an error (mix-up), but indeed signified His election and acceptance as Roman Pontiff and that he was *under a decades-long death threat. Gregory XIII spared no efforts to restore the Catholic Faith in the countries that had become Protestant. Gregory’s building program, including the Quirinal Palace in Rome, along with his political ventures, together exhausted the papal treasury, causing serious repercussions in the Papal States. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Greg. June 1, 1910. To remain informed of the Catholic situation in that country and keep in closer contact with its rulers, he erected resident nunciatures at Vienna in 1581 and at Cologne in 1582. Vol. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. He not only brought about an amicable settlement between the two rulers, but also obtained for the Catholics of Russia the right to practice their religion openly. Enter Pope Gregory XIII. googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1402172227320-0');}); The difference accumulated over the Thirty-four cardinals were appointed during his pontificate, and in their appointment he always had the had the welfare of the Church in view. Download all free or royalty-free photos and vectors. The papacy of Pope Gregory XIII lasted for 12 years and 332 days. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Janet van Heyst. put under grave duress at the conclave], prevented from taking the Papal Chair and illegally replaced by Roncalli aka "pope" John XXIII. He at once appointed a committee of cardinals, consisting of Borromeo, Paleotti, Aldobrandini, and Arezzo, with instructions to find out and abolish all ecclesiastical abuses; decided that the cardinals who were at the head of dioceses were not exempt from the Tridentine decree of episcopal residence; designated a committee of cardinals to complete the Index of Forbidden Books, and appointed one day in each week for a public audience during which everyone had access to him. At his election to the papal throne he had already completed his seventieth year, but was still strong and full of energy. MLA citation. Headed by Henri, Duke de Guise, and his brothers, the League claimed to be the defender of the ancestral faith of France, but its increasing reliance on Spanish support rapidly…. The pope indeed participated in the Roman festivities, but he was probably not acquainted with the circumstances of the Parisian horrors and, like other European rulers, had been informed that the Huguenots had been detected in a conspiracy to kill the king and the whole royal family, and had been thus punished for their treacherous designs. Both editions were suppressed by Gregory XIII, and in January, 1584, appeared a third and better edition under the title of "Martyrologium Romanum Gregorii XIII jussu editum" (Rome, 1583). In The Catholic Encyclopedia. He was especially friendly towards the Jesuits, whose rapid spread during the pontificate was greatly due to his encouragement and financial assistance. Ott, Michael. While in Spain he was appointed secretary of papal Briefs, and after the election of Pius V, 7 Jan., 1566, he returned to Rome to enter upon his new office. The pope indeed participated in the Roman festivities, but he was probably not acquainted with the circumstances of the Parisian horrors and, like other European rulers, had been informed that the Huguenots had been detected in a conspiracy to kill the king and the whole royal family, and had been thus punished for their treacherous designs. It turns out that it takes the earth a little less than 365.25 days to orbit the sun, approximately 11 and a quarter days. Pope Gregory XIII dedicated his papacy to implementing the recommendations of the Council of Trent. The Gregorian calendar differs from the solar year by 26 seconds per year. converted Jews and infidels, in 1577; the English college on 1 May, 1579; the Maronite college on 27 June, 1584. Greg. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.CONTACT US | ADVERTISE WITH NEW ADVENT. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. No blame, therefore, attaches to Gregory XIII for trying to depose the queen by force of arms. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In 1574 he sent the Polish Jesuit Warsiewicz to John III of Sweden in order to convert him to Catholicity. (Rome, 1712); PAGI, Breviarium Gestorum Pontificum Romanorum (Antwerp, 1753), VI, 718-863; RANKE, Die römischen Papste, tr. His son Giacomo he appointed castellan of St. Angelo and gonfalonier of the Church, but refused him every higher dignity, although Venice enrolled him among its nobili and the King of Spain appointed him general of his army. The banditti who infested the Campagna were protected by the barons and the peasantry and became daily more bold. In recognition of his many improvements in Rome the senate and the people erected a statue in his honour on the Capitoline Hill, when he was still living. No expense appeared too high to him, if only it was made for the benefit of the Catholic religion. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat. The same care he exercised in the appointment of cardinals. Boncompagni's knowledge and expertise of canon law drew the attention of the current Pope, Pius IV, who sent him on various diplomatic missions. He founded numerous colleges and seminaries at Rome and other suitable places and put most of them under the direction of the Jesuits. The science behind the formation of the calendar is much more complex than this, but suffice it to say it was Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585) who, on Feb. 24, 1582, decreed in the papal bull “Inter gravissimas” that the calendar would be reformed later that year. In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII instituted the (you guessed it) Gregorian Calendar, which moved New Year’s Day from March 32nd (honest) to January 1st. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Janet van Heyst. FOSTER, History of the Popes (London, 1906), I, 319-333; BROSCH, Gesch. des Kirchenstaates (Gotha, 1880), I, 300 sqq. He studied jurisprudence at the University of Bologna, from which he was graduated at an early age as doctor of canon and of civil law. At the age of forty, Boncompagni was ordained a priest. Contact information. … Portrait by Lavinia Fontana. The papal influence over the aristocracy being thus weakened, the barons of the Romagna made war against each other, and a period of bloodshed ensued which Gregory XIII was helpless to prevent. The king, however, soon turned Protestant again from political motives. The emendation was to consist chiefly in the restoration of the original text of Usuard's martyrology, which was in common use at the time of Gregory XIII. As early as 1578 he sent Thomas Stukeley with a ship and an army of 800 men to Ireland, but the treacherous Stukeley joined his forces with those of King Sebastian of Portugal against Emperor Abdulmelek of Morocco. 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